Essential Mandarin Vocabulary

Nursing and Maslows Hiearchy - 896 Words

There are many needs to be met when it comes to physical survival and psychological well-being and growth. Priorities of nursing care are based on interdisciplinary theories that are identified by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The history, main components, and the roles of nurse managers and leaders related to Maslow’s hierarchy will be addressed in this paper. This is an important topic for nursing leadership and management because it relates to unmet needs of clients in the health care field. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a significant factor in planning care among many individuals. Psychologist Abraham H. Maslow is the developer of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The theory covers human behavior in terms of basic requirements for survival and growth (Cengage, 2002). The theory was developed in the early 1960’s. During this time psychology was taken over by two different views. One side was the human behavior and the other one was the behaviorist. Ma slow explained that psychoanalysts had not accomplished the task to consider the behavior of healthy humans. He also mentioned that many subjective experiences that related with human behaviors were being ignored by behaviorist. In the beginning Maslow examined motivations and experience of many healthy individuals. He recognized that there are many requirements in this theory that are important for human survival and to help motivate individuals. He conceptualized different human needs as a pyramid with five levels in

Arnold Palmer Hospital Supply Chain free essay sample

Arnold Palmer Hospital’s Supply Chain Case Arnold Palmer Hospital is one of the nations leading hospitals for women and children. It is located in Orlando, Florida, and is apart of a national purchasing group. Even though being apart of the purchasing group has some advantages, there are also many disadvantages. These disadvantages forced the hospital to change its supply chain strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Arnold Palmer Hospital Supply Chain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After leaving this group the hospital along with several other hospitals from the group formed their own smaller, but still powerful group, Healthcare Purchasing Alliance.The company saved its members $7 million in the first year with two main changes. First, it was structured and staffed to assure that the bulk of the savings associated with its contracting efforts went to its eight members. Second, it struck even better deals with vendors by guaranteeing a committed volume and signing not 1- year deals but 3- to 5- year contracts. There are several issues facing the Arnold Palmer Hospital (APH) that led to the revising of the supply chain strategy.The main reason for the revision of the strategy was because of the frequent changing of products every year by the purchasing group, because of lower cost bidders. Another reason for the change in strategy is the fact that the purchasing group drops products that are familiar or preferred to APH, and stocked products that were not famil iar to the physicians at the hospital. The final reason the case stated that the hospital changed its strategy was because the buying group was not able to negotiate contracts with local manufacturers to secure the best pricing.Because APH left the large purchasing group and formed their own group they were able to save their members $7 million, even though they had an internal cost of $400,000 to run HPA the savings and ability to contract for what the member hospitals really want makes the business a good one. The reason that Arnold Palmer Hospital’s strategy differs from a manufacturing firms strategy is because an effective supply chain strategy in manufacturing focuses on development of new product innovations and efficiency through buyer-vendor collaboration, where-as the approach in a service industry has a slightly different emphasis.Because APH is a service industry it focuses more on the people side of the supply chain. Using the people who actually use the product and taking their input when buying the objects. The alternative to the problem with the purchasing group would be to do exactly what APH did, leave the group. Although instead of forming their own group they could have joined another group in the area. With them forming their own group they can set their own rules, and regulations, and if they had joined another group they would have had to conform to the already set rules and regulations. I believe that the best alternative that they could have chosen was forming their own purchasing group. That way they can do what was best for them, their patients and their employees, and the other hospitals in the group. They can come up with their own rules and regulations, who they wanted their supplies from, and who to negotiate contracts with.

A poem about Magic Summary free essay sample

A Poem for â€Å"Magic†, written by Quincy Troupe is a truly dazzling poem. I’m not usually one who can easily relate to a poem but this one elicits so much passion for the game of basketball that it resonates in my head. The way that the game is described in the poem makes me think back to the mindset I had when I was just a little kid playing dunk ball on my 6 foot hoop in the driveway. I could do whatever I wanted on that hoop and it made the game feel magical being able to fly above the rim just how I imagine Magic Johnson feels when he’s playing on a regular 10 foot hoop. I can tell how much love Quincy has for the game of basketball just by how well he really describes how â€Å"Magic† played the game. He uses words that pop in every line and they create vivid pictures of all these different moves I’ve personally seen â€Å"Magic† perform. We will write a custom essay sample on A poem about Magic Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He talks about â€Å"magic’s† deadly no look pass, his glorious sky hook, how he glides through the air, and all of this shows just how beautiful the game of basketball is, and just how much Troupe admires it. My belief is that Troupe thinks of basketball in rhythm and he wants that to translate into his poem. I don’t know if he has a distinct love for Magic Johnson or if he just recognizes that â€Å"Magic† is the best player you could use to relate basketball and rhythm, but it’s the greatest example I can personally think of. He uses phrases like â€Å"herk and jerk† , â€Å"juke and dazzle†, and â€Å"shake and bake† to make his readers feel how â€Å"Magic† danced his way down the court and took it to the hoop. The text makes me feel as if he learned basketball personally from â€Å"Magic†. I think his reason for choosing Magic Johnson has a deeper meaning than that he really likes him as a player. The use of the word â€Å"Magic† throughout the poem makes me feel like the actions Magic Johnson is performing in the poem are truly magic. Troupe says â€Å"you created your own space to fly through† to describe him blazing down the court, then goes on to say â€Å"we expect your wings to spread feathers† which I think is a perfect way to describe Magic Johnson’s explosive ability and his gracious flight through air, but it also creates â€Å"magical† images in my head of Johnson flying through the air with angels wings. He refers to â€Å"Magic’s† name as a â€Å"neon name† early in the poem and  later refers to him as wearing an electric smile â€Å"neon as your name† making me envision â€Å"Magic† even more as a magical man. This makes remember the feelings I had when I used to watch the movie â€Å"Space Jam† starring Michael Jordan. This movie made the game of basketball feel magical because Jordan struggles through almost the whole movie playing these huge monsters that he doesn’t know how he’s supposed to compete against until he drinks the magical green formula that gives him the ability to fly and stretch his arms multiple body lengths. The song â€Å"I Believe I Can Fly† comes on when Jordan first feels his powers working, and magically this song popped into my head when I was reading this poem! I especially like this poem because it makes me think of all my glory days of playing basketball and also watching basketball. I feel as if I can relate to everything Troupe is saying. I remember when I stepped out onto that court my first time starting varsity in high school I felt like there was magic in the room. All the shouts and cheers seemed to blend together but in the end all the noise was for me and my team just as he refers to it in the poem â€Å"sweating chants of your name†. The poem brings back the memories of how close my team was and how we felt like a family out there on the court. It mentions the passes he sent to Kareem, who was the post player on his team and how he had a glorious skyhook. My favorite move was the skyhook and I remember it just as he described Kareem â€Å"popping the cords†. In music, chords are the base structure of any song just like post players on a basketball team are the base of the team. They don’t do anything too exciting but they take the shots every team needs to take in order to play a game, or â€Å"pop the chords† every song needs to have rhythm. The game of basketball has five players in the game at once and I keep making a connection of this to the five lines on a musical staff. Each line has a different note just like every player on a team has a different specialty, and there’s an unlimited amount of ways you can arrange these five players to create a different rhythm just as you can c hange the notes on a staff to create a different song. You can have set plays or rhythms but â€Å"Magic† often creates his rhythm on the fly just like he does in the poem. In summary, this poem brought up feelings within me that I haven’t felt in a long time, such as the feeling I’d get every time I’d watch Jordan get his magic powers. Space Jam was the movie that got me into basketball because it made it seem so magical. I recently have fallen out of watching and playing basketball but doing the analysis of this poem has made me revisit feelings I haven’t had in years. This poem truly provided magic in the way that it made me think of these thoughts I had when I was just a young boy, it achieved exactly what I think Troupe wanted it to, it achieved magic.

A Short Analysis of the Language in Shakespeares Sonnet Essay Example

A Short Analysis of the Language in Shakespeares Sonnet Essay Example A Short Analysis of the Language in Shakespeares Sonnet Essay A Short Analysis of the Language in Shakespeares Sonnet Essay William Shakespeare expresses the emotional power of love in Sonnet 29 by using big words such as pewee or phrases such as curse my fate and wishing me lie eke to more rich in hope. These phrases/ words create a sad feeling throughout the poem. They create a sad feeling by using negative words such as pewee(crying), curse(my fate), and disgrace e(noun in disgrace with fortune and mens eyes. Of course, since this is a sonnet, the pop mes mood changes in the ninth line. This is clearly seen when he uses phrases such as sweet love e and heavens great after the ninth line which represents somewhat of a joyful mood change . Using such big words like these express the emotional power in Sonnet 29 rather than just Pl mainly saying happy or sad. The theme of this poem is being grateful for what you already have an d not to be too greedy. One poetic device Shakespeare uses to convey the theme of this Poe is using the Structure and Format of the Sonnet. He starts out feeling sad for what he doe sensate but then in ninth line, he switches his feeling by being happy for what he already has. An other poetic device he uses is simile where he would describe how great he feels then continuing on how he is happy with what he has and wouldnt trade what he has already with anything else. Finally, the main poetic device he uses is the attitude and experiences of the speaker.

The Meg

The Meg Summary:This novel is basically about Jonas Taylor who theorizes that the Megalodon may still terrorize the deep seas of the Mariana Trench. Jonas discovered this might be true after his last dive. The real scary part is that now this beast has arisen from the hadal zone and is terrorizing humanity.Geographic ApplicationThis book talks about the geographical distribution of marine species and how it is controlled by the oceans temperature. Also talks about the interaction between humans and the Meg, the structure, environment and the way the Carcharodon Megalodon had survived.Jonas Taylor, a paleontologist, former Argonaut, bases his theories on a dive that took place seven years ago in the Mariana Trench causing two deaths of his fellow divers, he still believes that he saw the Meg that day. He theorizes that this great predator may still exist in a 1,550 mile isolated stretch, 7 miles down.Jonas JegersAgainst other scientists, his theory is that they even survived the ice age about two-million years ago not just the climatic changes that killed off the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. He believes that the Meg survived due to the tropical current occurring in the Pacific and due to the hydrothermical vents which also made it possible for new life forms to live there. But if the Meg did exist, then, it wouldn't be able to get to surface because of 6 miles of icy water above the warmer layer at the bottom, even if it is sixty-feet long, this predator wouldn't be able to swim fast enough to reach the surface warmer layers. His theories can be backed up by recent discoveries in 1873 by the first exploration vessel the British HMS Challenger which dived down to the deep-sea trench and discovered a fossilized nine-inch, razor sharp...

Discovery, Appearance and Meaning of Cave paintings in France and Essay

Discovery, Appearance and Meaning of Cave paintings in France and Spain - Essay Example The essay "Discovery, Appearance and Meaning of Cave paintings in France and Spain" explores Cave paintings in France and Spain. Nearly two hundred cave paintings have been discovered so far in France and Spain, and they still continue, as the recent discovery of cave paintings in the Vilhonneur forests, in the Charente region of western France suggest. However, the cave paintings in the Lascaux Cave of Montignac, in the Dordogne region of southwest France, and Altamira, in northwest Spain, still remain the more significant examples of pre-historic cave paintings. The initial discovery of the caves, and the paintings at Altamira were made in the later half of the nineteenth century by accident. In 1868 a hunter’s dog chasing a fox fell among some boulders, and the hunter, in attempting to rescue the dog discovered the entrance to the famous cave. The cave paintings took more than a decade later to be discovered, again by accident. The owner of the estate in which the cave was located was an amateur archeologist. His young daughter accompanied him on one of his trips into the cave, to look for tools, in 1879. She looked up at the ceiling, and became the first person in modern times to espy the herd of red animals painted across the ceiling. Initially these paintings were not accepted as pre-historic paintings, and believed to be forgeries a mere twenty years old. In the beginning of the twentieth century efforts of the French priest Henri Breuil made the world aware of this finest example.

Learning Styles and Lifelong Learning Process Research Paper

Learning Styles and Lifelong Learning Process - Research Paper Example Guild and Garger (1998) implied on their studies that by completely understanding an individual’s style of learning would allow educators to construct adequate teaching methods that would promote higher learning. For the last fifty years, many researchers have understood the concepts of learning styles. Sims and Sims (1995) have specified that students will be able to develop higher levels of learning through these concepts of learning styles and how these styles influence educators to construct sufficient teaching methods. Studies of Dunn and Dunn (1992) presented that individuals respond to learning in a more positive manner through the utilization of adequate teaching methods that suit them. With the case study, students have manifested greater learning when they were taught using their preferred teaching methods because they were able to absorb the concepts of the subject matter easily. These students have shown improved scores when it comes to tests and exams. It is said that if an educator makes use of the students preferred teaching methods, the students tend to be more attentive. This just shows that if educators would be able to grasp solely their students’ preferred learning styles, these educators would be able to promote enthusiasm among their students to learn more. Through effective teaching methods, the study stated that the students reflected more aggressive behavior toward learning, which means that these students are more willing to learn if they will be able to understand their educators’ method of teaching. In short, learning styles and teaching methods have a deeper association. As stated earlier, I took some tests that would determine my preferred learning style as a student. Before I present the results that I got, let me first introduce to you what learning styles are all about. Ross, Maureen, and Schultz (2001) stated on their studies that learning is often times a process of remembering concepts and putting these concepts into actions after  further studies. They further added that learning is a two-way process, gathering information and then utilizing the information.  

Documents Necessary to Organize a Limited Liability in Ohio State Term Paper

Documents Necessary to Organize a Limited Liability in Ohio State - Term Paper Example Employer identification number (EIN) resembles the Social Security Number and is nine digits long. It is assigned by Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to be used by the LLC’s to track their tax returns. One is required to request for the EIN from IRS website, download, and print from SS-4. The form is supposed to have the signature of a representative of the LLC. Mail the completed SS-4 form the Internal Revenue Services headquarters in Ohio. One has to wait up to four weeks to get the assigned FEIN from IRS. The LLC can apply for federal tax ID for a fee through third parties or for free if applied directly (Ohio Secretary of State, 2014). LLC’s are required to apply for work permits from Ohio Secretary of State. These include local permits necessary to do business in Ohio special and professional licenses depending on the business. One has also to contact the Ohio Bureau of Workers Compensation as required by the state law. This only applies if the LLC has hired employees who are salaried and registration is through their website. "The Ohio Department of Job and Family Services" (Ohio Secretary of State, 2014) have also to be contacted so as to establish an unemployment compensation tax account. This account is opened with the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services through their website (Ohio Secretary of State, 2014). This certificate is a necessity for foreign LLC that want to establish in Ohio State. The certificate is a proof of the LLC’s existence as affirmed by the federal government. It is also a documented compliance with the federal regulation on how businesses are set up and ran in the coun try (Ohio Secretary of State, 2014).

Jane Eyre Book Report

Jane Eyre Book Report The main character of the book is Jane Eyre (round character). The book follows her through her troubled childhood and life as a young woman. She is a gentle and intelligent girl, but she has no confidence in herself because she is raised by her aunt who does not love her. She has no family and is completely unprotected by social position. When the novel begins, she is an isolated, powerless ten-year-old girl who lives with her aunt and cousins who dislike her. As the novel progresses, she grows in strength. Jane Eyre slowly develops from an unhappy young girl learning the hardships of life, into a happy and contented woman. At the end of the novel, she has become a powerful, independent woman living together with the man she loves: Mr. Rochester. Charlotte Brontà « was born in 1816 in Thornton in Yorkshire, England. She was the third child of Patrick Brontà « and Maria Branwell and was soon followed by her brother Patrick Branwell in 1817, her sister Emily in 1818 and her sister Anne in 1820. Her father was a poor English clergyman and was eccentric and abusive. In 1821 the family moved to Haworth, after her father find work at a church there. In the same year her mother dies of cancer. In 1824 Charlotte and three of her sisters were sent to study at the Clergy Daughters School at Cowan Bridge. The conditions at the school were poor and they were treated with inhuman severity. The Lowood School in Jane Eyre was based on this school and Miss Scatcherd in the novel was based on the manager of the school. A fever broke out at the school and the girl returned home, but two of the sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, died of tuberculosis. The experience of Cowan Bridge and the loss of her sisters had an effect on Charlotte. With their father not communicating much with them and having no real contact with the outside world, the children spent their time reading and creating their own imaginary worlds. When Charlotte was nineteen years old, she became a teacher. But because of her bad health, she had to give it up. She later worked watching over the children of wealthy families as a governess. But the people treated her poorly, so she had to give this up too. She decided then to attend a language school in Brussels with her sisters Emily and Anne and fell in love with a married professor at the school, but she never fully admitted the fact to herself. After returning to Haworth in 1844, Charlotte Brontà « became depressed. She was lonely and felt that she lacked the ability to do any creative work. She discovered that both of her sisters had been writing poetry, as she had. They decided to publish selected poems of all three sisters; in 1846 a collection of their was published under the pseudonyms of Currer (Charlotte), Ellis (Emily) and Acton (Anne) Bell. Charlotte contributed 19 poems. Then they decided to each write a novel and to publish them. Her sisters novels were accepted for publication, but Charlottes first novel The Professor, based upon her Brussels experience, was rejected and was not published until after her death. Charlotte Brontà «s second novel, Jane Eyre, was published in 1847. It became the most successful book of the year and it was translated into most of the languages of Europe. Despite her success as a writer, Charlotte Brontà « continued to live a quiet life in Yorkshire. In 1854 she married Arthur Nicholls, a man who had once worked as an assistant to her father, but she died within a year of their marriage on March 31, 1955. Summary. Jane Eyre is a young orphan being raised by Mrs. Reed, her cruel, wealthy aunt. A servant named Bessie provides Jane with some of the few kindnesses she receives, telling her stories and singing songs to her. One day, as punishment for fighting with her bullying cousin John Reed, Janes aunt imprisons Jane in the red-room, the room in which Janes Uncle Reed died. While locked in, Jane, believing that she sees her uncles ghost, screams and faints. She wakes to find herself in the care of Bessie and the kindly apothecary Mr. Lloyd, who suggests to Mrs. Reed that Jane be sent away to school. To Janes delight, Mrs. Reed concurs. Once at the Lowood School, Jane finds that her life is far from idyllic. The schools headmaster is Mr. Brocklehurst, a cruel, hypocritical, and abusive man. Brocklehurst preaches a doctrine of poverty and privation to his students while using the schools funds to provide a wealthy and opulent lifestyle for his own family. At Lowood, Jane befriends a young girl named Helen Burns, whose strong, martyr like attitude toward the schools miseries is both helpful and displeasing to Jane. A massive typhus epidemic sweeps Lowood, and Helen dies of consumption. The epidemic also results in the departure of Mr. Brocklehurst by attracting attention to the insalubrious conditions at Lowood. After a group of more sympathetic gentlemen takes Brocklehursts place, Janes life improves dramatically. She spends eight more years at Lowood, six as a student and two as a teacher. After teaching for two years, Jane yearns for new experiences. She accepts a governess position at a manor called Thornfield, where she teaches a lively French girl named Adà ¨le. The distinguished housekeeper Mrs. Fairfax presides over the estate. Janes employer at Thornfield is a dark, impassioned man named Rochester, with whom Jane finds herself falling secretly in love. She saves Rochester from a fire one night, which he claims was started by a drunken servant named Grace Poole. But because Grace Poole continues to work at Thornfield, Jane concludes that she has not been told the entire story. Jane sinks into despondency when Rochester brings home a beautiful but vicious woman named Blanche Ingram. Jane expects Rochester to propose to Blanche. But Rochester instead proposes to Jane, who accepts almost disbelievingly. The wedding day arrives, and as Jane and Mr. Rochester prepare to exchange their vows, the voice of Mr. Mason cries out that Rochester already has a wife. Mason introduces himself as the brother of that wife a woman named Bertha. Mr. Mason testifies that Bertha, whom Rochester married when he was a young man in Jamaica, is still alive. Rochester does not deny Masons claims, but he explains that Bertha has gone mad. He takes the wedding party back to Thornfield, where they witness the insane Bertha Mason scurrying around on all fours and growling like an animal. Rochester keeps Bertha hidden on the third story of Thornfield and pays Grace Poole to keep his wife under control. Bertha was the real cause of the mysterious fire earlier in the story. Knowing that it is impossible for her to be with Rochester, Jane flees Thornfield. Penniless and hungry, Jane is forced to sleep outdoors and beg for food. At last, three siblings who live in a manor alternatively called Marsh End and Moor House take her in. Their names are Mary, Diana, and St. John Rivers, and Jane quickly becomes friends with them. St. John is a clergyman, and he finds Jane a job teaching at a charity school in Morton. He surprises her one day by declaring that her uncle, John Eyre, has died and left her a large fortune: 20,000 pounds. When Jane asks how he received this news, he shocks her further by declaring that her uncle was also his uncle: Jane and the Rivers are cousins. Jane immediately decides to share her inheritance equally with her three newfound relatives. St. John decides to travel to India as a missionary, and he urges Jane to accompany him as his wife. Jane agrees to go to India but refuses to marry her cousin because she does not love him. St. John pressures her to reconsider, and she nearly gives in. However, she realizes that she cannot abandon forever the man she truly loves when one night she hears Rochesters voice calling her name over the moors. Jane immediately hurries back to Thornfield and finds that it has been burned to the ground by Bertha Mason, who lost her life in the fire. Rochester saved the servants but lost his eyesight and one of his hands. Jane travels on to Rochesters new residence, Ferndean, where he lives with two servants named John and Mary. At Ferndean, Rochester and Jane rebuild their relationship and soon marry. At the end of her story, Jane writes that she has been married for ten blissful years and that she and Rochester enjoy perfect equality in their life together. She says that after two years of blindness, Rochester regained sight in one eye and was able to behold their first son at his birth. [1] Personal evaluation. I think Jane Eyre is a very good novel, for its great theme, its moving plots and its happy ending. The story develops in a way that holds your interest as Jane meets Mr. Rochester and the secrets of Thornfield Hall are revealed. The characters are very realistic written and its an exciting story, so I can recommend this novel to other people. [1] = http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/janeeyre/summary.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Eyre http://summarycentral.tripod.com/janeeyre.htm http://www.shmoop.com/jane-eyre/summary.html http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/janeeyre/facts.html

people are shaped by environment Essay example -- essays research pape

People are Shaped by Their Environment For a long time, people have argued over whether an individuals behavior is controlled solely by their environment. Their experiences, and the people they grow up with shape the way they behave as people. People teach others ways of acting and thinking that are kept for the rest of their lives. In Mark Twain's, Pudd'nhead Wilson, the characters live in a society that criticizes the way they live their daily lives. The town's expectations, opinions and values affect their personalities. For these reasons, environment is the driving force shaping the way individuals live. Chambers, who grows up in an environment of discrimination and abuse, becomes ashamed and insecure about himself. For example, because Roxy swapped Chambers and Tom, therefore switching their environments: Tom got all the petting, Chambers got none. Tom got all the delicacies, Chambers got mush and milk, and clabber without sugar. In consequence Tom was a sickly child and Chambers wasn't. Tom was "fractious," as Roxy called it, and overbearing; Chambers was meek and docile (41). The slave system insists that because Chambers is "black" he must be treated differently from those who are not . The punishment Chambers receives emotionally scar his thoughts and causes him to act inferior. In addition, when Chambers finally finds out his true identity, "The real heir suddenly found himself rich and free, but in a most embarrassing situation. He could neither read nor write, and his speech was the basest dialect of the Negro quarter" (166). The effects of his damaging childhood have now affected his capability to become the successful man he could have been. Although Chambers is now free from slavery, with... ...ad been many a day now since she had ventured a caress or a fondling epithet in his quarter. Such things, from a "n-----," were repulsive to him, and she had been warned to keep her distance and remember who she was (44). Tom's overpowering lifestyle causes him to believe he has the right to beat on Roxy. Tom was taught to believe that he has the authority over "n------", which has an affect on the way he treats his slaves. In addition, Tom intends to humiliate Pudd’nhead Wilson by bringing up his unusual hobby in front of the Capello twins asking: How's the Awful Mystery flourishing these days? Wilson's got a scheme for driving plain window glass out of the market by decorating it with

Measurement Techniques In Dentistry Health And Social Care Essay

The survey of Medicine and dental medicine has expanded greatly over the last 150 old ages with the development of many new look intoing techniques. A broad scope of direct and indirect measuring techniques have been used to obtain informations on the morphology of the teething. In the yesteryear, research workers used the contact method of tooth measuring utilizing simple tools such as a Millimeter flexible swayer or a slide calibrated Caliper for dental dramatis personae measurings. With the promotions in image processing and picture taking, planar ( 2D ) and 3-dimensional ( 3D ) techniques began to be used in tooth measurings. The integrating of computing machine based image analysis in 2D and 3D measuring has farther enhanced research. Early alternate attacks included measurings from photographic images and optical maser sophisticated occlusograms every bit good as Holograms for the occlusal facets of dental medicine. High quality images used for the intent of clinical and resear ch surveies require the usage of advanced and sophisticated equipments. Previous twin surveies including dental morphology have confirmed a strong familial part to the ascertained fluctuation, so comparings between monozygotic ( MZ ) co-twins who portion the same cistrons have tended to concentrate on similarities between their teethings instead than differences. While measurings performed straight on dentitions proved to be hard in footings of dependability, measurings of dental dramatis personaes either manually or through the usage of assorted equipments and computing machine plans produced the most accurate and dependable consequences. Surveies have achieved accurate measuring of dentitions demoing the fluctuation in tooth morphology. Different devices have been used for this intent ; each will be illustrated as follows:1.2 Two Dimensional Methods in tooth measuringMechanical methods are still the easy and functional recording technique for the measuring of tooth size by most research workers. Ballard ( 1944 ) , Nance ( 1947 ) , Hixon and Oldfaher ( 1958 ) , Barrett et Al. ( 1963 ) , and Moorrees et Al. ( 1957 ) all suggested the same basic rules for entering dimensions of dental dramatis personae. The bulk used dramatis personaes theoretical accounts of plaster of Paris poured from alginate feelings. Barrett et Al. ( 1963 ) used dramatis personaes made of dental rock and reported that intra-oral measurings taken straight in oral cavity are less accurate than those taken from dental dramatis personaes. Peck and Peck ( 1972a ) measured the mesio-distal and facio-lingual dimensions of dentitions straight intra-orally.1.2.1 Millimeter flexible swayer:During the earlier yearss, simple instruments such as a brace of splitters with a millimetre swayer were used as a contact method for tooth measurings. ( Black CV, 1902, Ballard ML, 1944 and Bolton WA 1958 ) . Despite being the footing for tooth measurings but it had some familial restrictions as to the trouble in straight mensurating teeth dimensions. Besides, statistical analysis, at that clip, was non every bit developed as presents.1.2.2 Calipers and splitters:Calipers are used to mensurate the distance between two symmetrically opposing sides. Using a brace of callipers is still a common method to execute measurings on dental plaster dramatis personaes. Typically, mea surings on a dental dramatis personae are performed utilizing Vernier Calipers or splitters ( A Vernier graduated table is an extra graduated table which allows a distance or angle measuring to be read more exactly than straight reading a uniformly-divided heterosexual or round measuring graduated table. It is a skiding secondary graduated table that is used to bespeak where the measuring lies when it is in between two of the Markss on the chief graduated table ) which are preciseness instruments that can be used to mensurate internal and external distances highly accurately. ( Fig.1 ) Selmer-Olsen R, ( 1954 ) and Hunter WS, Priest WR ( 1960 ) did dental dramatis personae measurings by skiding graduated calipers along and across the dentition. The technique was found to be dependable. Moorrees et al,1957 obtained the mesiodistal crown diameter of a tooth by mensurating the greatest distance between the contact points on its approximal surfaces, utilizing a skiding calliper held parallel both to the occlusal and vestibular surfaces. Many techniques and methods were described to mensurate tooth diameters, and many surveies used different methods to obtain their consequences, some of which are listed below. Jensen E ( 1957 ) obtained the mesiodistal crown diameter of a tooth by mensurating the greatest distance between the contact points on its approximal surfaces utilizing a skiding calliper held parallel both to the occlusal and vestibular surfaces. He compared the average mesiodistal Crown diameters for the two different samples of Swedish kids and found statistically important differences for the lasting upper jaw and inframaxillary incisors and eyetooths of the male childs and of the misss. Hunter and Priest ( 1960 ) revealed that mensurating teeth size on plaster dramatis personaes is easier than in the oral cavity. In instance of the 2nd bicuspid and molars the dramatis personae measurings were consistently 0.1mm greater than measurings obtained in oral cavity. However, for the measurings of anterior dentitions, no important differences were found. Furthermore, they measured and compared soaped versus non-soaped theoretical accounts and revealed that the soaped theoretical accounts measured lightly greater in overall dimensions. However, this addition was non important every bit far as single dentitions were concerned.In general ; measurings obtained from dental dramatis personaes are more consistent and more accurate than direct measuring obtained in the oral cavity, particularly of the posterior dentition ( Doris et al. 1981 ) . Two chief instruments have been used for mensurating tooth dimensions: 1. Skiding calipers with a vernier graduated table, and 2. Engineering splitters used in concurrence with a millimeter regulation. Ghose et, al ( 1979 ) used skiding callipers with a vernier graduated table to do measurings with an truth of & A ; Acirc ;  ±O.1mm. The mensurating tips of the callipers were specially pointed to transport out accurate measurings. The skiding callipers were held parallel to the occlusal and vestibular surfaces of the Crown to mensurate the mesiodistal crown diameter of a tooth. This was achieved by mensurating the greatest distance between the approximative surfaces of the Crown. In the instance of rotated or malposed tooth, in relation to the dental arch, the measuring was taken between the points on the approximative surface of the Crown, where it was judged that normal contact should hold occurred with the adjacent dentition. They besides found that the mesiodistal measurings for the Iraqi males were larger than that for the females, but besides noticed that the difference merely reached the degree of significance in the eyetooths and the lower left first grinder. Olayinka et Al ( 1996 ) used electronic digital calliper ( Mitutoyo, Japan ) and compared the mesiodistal and buccolingual crown dimensions of the lasting dentition in Nigerian and British populations. Kieser 1990 stated that tooth length and width represent the most widely recognized of human characteristics. These measurings provide of import information on such jobs as human biological familial relationships between human population and environmental version. Modern digital callipers are available for automatically entering the distance measured, but the truth and preciseness depends on method standardization. Bell and A. F. Ayoub ( 2003 ) measured the tooth dimensions utilizing mensurating callipers, similar to the Vernier callipers ( Fig. 1 ) . The tips of the calliper were placed on a specific landmark and the measurings were taken by reading the distance from the swayer on the calliper. Zilberman et Al, ( 2003 ) compared the truths of mensurating dramatis personaes with electronic callipers and OrthoCAD techniques. They created 20 typodont apparatuss with unreal dentitions holding assorted malocclusions and took feelings of them. Both plaster and digital theoretical accounts were made, and tooth size, intercanine breadth, and intermolar breadth measurings were taken from the typodonts. Consequences showed that all methods of measurings were extremely valid and consistent for tooth size, intercanine breadth, and intermolar breadth. But comparing of the electronic callipers and digital measurings revealed that the measurings on the plaster theoretical accounts made with electronic callipers had greater truth and duplicability than the OrthoCAD attack. Susan N. et, Al ( 2005 ) used orthodontic theoretical accounts to re-structure the mesiodistal tooth breadth from first grinder to first grinder. The readings were obtained by mensurating the greatest distance between the contact points on proximal surfaces utilizing a Munchner ( Munich, Germany ) vernier gauge calliper. They besides measured the arch length and arch breadth between eyetooths, bicuspids, and first grinders. Three points were selected to mensurate the arch breadth between each tooth and its parallel on the contralateral viz. : the distance between the buccal cusp on the right side to the buccal cusp on the left side, distance between the cardinal pit to cardinal pit, and the distance between the linguistic cusp to the linguistic cusp. In the instance of first grinders, the measurings were made from the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual cusps to the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual cusps of the contralateral grinder severally. Hunter and Priest ( 1960 ) performed two different ways of measurings ; on dramatis personaes and in the oral cavity with splitters and with skiding callipers. They found differences between two sets of repetition dramatis personaes, differences in mensurating both upper jaw to opposed mandible and left opposed to compensate, and differences between tooth types. Besides, they found that skiding callipers were accurate than splitters and that measurings were easier to be made on dramatis personae than in the oral cavity..1.2.3 Photography:Modern picture taking began in the 1820s with the first lasting exposure. Early cameras did non repair an image, but merely projected images from an gap in the wall of a darkened room onto a surface, turning the room into a big pinhole camera. While this early paradigm of today ‘s modern camera may hold had modest use in its clip, it was an of import measure in the development of the innovation. With the development of chemical picture taking, it became possible to bring forth fixed images on documents. The modern photographic procedure came approximately from a series of polishs and betterments in the first 20 old ages. In 1884 George Eastman, Rochester, New York, developed dry gel on a movie to replace the photographic home base so that a lensman no longer needed to transport boxes of home bases and toxic chemicals around. In 1888 Eastman ‘s Kodak camera came into the market. By this clip, anyone could take a exposure and go forth the complex parts of the procedure to others, and therefore picture taking became available for the mass-market in 1901 with the debut of the Kodak Brownie. In the 20th century picture taking developed quickly as a commercial service. The usage of modern photographic methods in dental research began in the 1940 & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s which opened new frontiers for dental research. Bjorn et Al ( 1953 ) introduced photographic methods to mensurate the volume of facial puffinesss. An feeling of the patient ‘s upper and lower dentition was taken in self-curing acrylic rosin on a U-shaped brass home base. The home base was left to indurate and was so attached to a base, which in its bend was fastened to a steady tabular array, which besides supported the stereo camera ( Fig.2 ) . During the exposure the home base could be fixed with high truth in the same place on the base and the patient had to seize with teeth into the feeling. The camera was placed on one of the two phonograph record at the terminals of the tabular array so constructed that the same place could be reproduced with hitgh truth. To back up the stereowork, three Markss were set up, one on the base oF the bite home base and two on a particular pillar fixed to the tabular array. These, points formed a trigon which, as seen from the camera approximately framed the portion of the patient & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s face which was to be examined. The standard divergence of a volume measuring was estimated to 1.7 three-dimensional centimetres. Marked duplicated dramatis personaes were photographed and the photographic negatives were digitised Biggerstaff ( 1969 ) . The Ten and Y parametric quantities were so converted by computing machine package into mensurable informations to enable finding the comparative plane surface countries of crown constituent and the entire comparative plane surface of the Crown. An mean fluctuation between two independent operators was found to be 0.083mm and within one operator to be less than 0.014mm overall. In malice of this manner was allowing merely to bring forth planar consequence, it was claimed to be acceptable method since it could supply a broad scope of surveies. Garner ( 1970 ) developed an cheap method of obtaining permanent records of unwritten and dental alterations ensuing from mechanotherapy, growing, or surgery, without the necessity of keeping extended files of cabinets of plaster dramatis personaes. He used a camera loaded and mounted on one terminal of a fixed tabular array to snap dental dramatis personaes on a platform at the other terminal of the same tabular array. The exposure were traced and analyzed for alterations in arch signifier and dimensions. A 4 by 5 box camera was mounted on a level tabletop at a fixed distance from a perpendicular platform ( Fig 3 ) . A survey dramatis personae which had been trimmed so its dorsum was parallel to the occlusal plane and grooved for orientation intents was placed on its platform. The dramatis personae was placed on the platform so the occlusal surfaces or ridges were at right angles to the camera lens for snaping. The camera-to-model distance is critical and must stay at a fixed distan ce to bring forth a 1:1 image. A 10 2nd exposure of Kodak Professional Fine Grain Positive Film was accomplished by concentrating two 75 Ws floodlight lamps on the theoretical accounts. The lamps were mounted at 450 to the camera lens. Their method of theoretical account analysis was found to be a dependable manner of finding minute alterations in form and signifier every bit good as of entering conditions before and after everyday orthodontic intervention. These occlusograms can be maintained indefinitely in the patient ‘s records and could be used for analysis at the operating tabular array or at a staff meeting. Robertson and Kennedey ( 1984 ) developed an accurate and comparatively simple method of photogrammetry suited for orthodontic application. They reviewed five systems of entering photographic informations viz. : Moire topography, stereophotogrammetry, morphoanalysis, physioprint and telecentric picture taking ( Robertson, 1976 ; Robertson and Volp, 1981 ) . They achieved a greater grade of preciseness through the usage of telecentric optics a technique by which an image magnification is made invariant to the place of the detector plane. . Telecentric optics This is achieved by puting a convex lens, of diameter greater than the size of the object to be photographed, in the optical way of the projectors and camera, with the projectors and camera at the chief focal point of these lenses. In such an optical agreement, the magnification at the movie plane is changeless, irrespective of the object ‘s place in the object infinite in forepart of the plano-convex lens. Merely parallel b eams of visible radiation from the object are recorded by the camera and divergency is eliminated. The highest degree of truth became more evident when abstracting metrical informations across the dental arch. More than unidimensional and became prone to error when survey theoretical accounts were displaced. This was due to the lessening in the truth of the conventional picture taking for a more while the dimensions for the telecentric method remained comparatively unchanged ( Fig 4 ) . They concluded that telecentric picture taking was found to be really dependable and accurate ( Leishman, 1977 ; Volp, 1979 ) .

No Medical Degree No Problem for These Five Healthcare Jobs

No Medical Degree No Problem for These Five Healthcare Jobs Healthcare is one of the world’s fastest growing industries, promising everything from high pay to job security to workers entering the field. According to statistics from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), total employment in occupations related to healthcare is expected to skyrocket by 11 percent - a total of 15.6 million jobs - in the decade between 2012 and 2022. Let’s countdown five of the most promising healthcare jobs that don’t require a medical degree. 5. Pharmacy TechniciansMinimal educational requirements - a high school diploma or its equivalent - and a growth rate of 20 percent over a 10-year period earn pharmacy technicians a spot on this list.Working alongside pharmacists in pharmacies, grocery stores, drug stores and hospitals, pharmacy technicians help pharmacists with the dispensation of prescription medications.Most pharmacy technicians learn through on-the-job training, although there are some secondary education programs. Some sta tes require that pharmacy techs complete a training program accredited by the American Society of Health System Pharmacists.4. Dispensing OpticiansWith a projected growth rate of 23 percent between 2012 and 2022, the number of jobs for workers in this field is predicted to rise by nearly 16,000 during that same period of time.Dispensing opticians work in stores that sell visual aids, including glasses, contact lenses and other optical goods. Based on prescriptions from optometrists and ophthalmologists, dispensing opticians are responsible for fitting eyeglasses and contact lenses, as well as assisting customers in deciding on the right products.The median annual salary for dispensing opticians is just over $22,300, although the top 10 percent may earn nearly $53,000. In addition to a high school diploma, on-the-job training is usually sufficient to obtain a position as a dispensing optician.3. Dental AssistantsA projected growth rate of 25 percent between 2012 and 2022 earns denta l assistants a spot on the list of fastest growing healthcare careers.Depending on where they work, dental assistants may be responsible for a wide range of tasks - from scheduling appointments to taking X-rays to providing patient care.While there’s no single path to becoming a dental assistant, some states do require graduation from an accredited program as well as the passing of a state exam. Additionally, many community colleges offer year-long certificate programs, as well as two-year programs which convey an associate’s degree. The typical dental assistant school curriculum include a mix of classroom, laboratory and clinical work.Dental assistants earn an average salary of $34,500, although top earners may bring home nearly $50,000.2. Diagnostic Medical Sonographers and Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians, Including Vascular TechnologistsWith a job outlook projected at 39 percent, these imaging experts are expected to be in great demand in the coming ye ars.Largely employed in hospital settings, diagnostic medical sonographers and cardiovascular technologists and technicians are trained in the use of special equipment in order to create images and conduct tests used by physicians to diagnose medical conditions as well as to aid during surgical procedures.With an average pay of $60,350 per year, these professionals do require some formal education and qualifications, such as an associate’s degree and postsecondary certificate. Some diagnostic medical sonographers and cardiovascular technologists and technicians choose to pursue bachelor’s degree programs in sonography and in cardiovascular and vascular technology.1. Home Health AidesA projected growth rate of a staggering 48 percent between 2012 and 2022 earns home health aides the top spot on this list. Requiring less than a high school diploma and a short period of on-the-job training, home health aides can expect to enjoy unprecedented job security in the years ahea d.Working in a variety of settings, home health aides help people - from seniors to the disabled or cognitively impaired - who require assistance with basic daily activities.As more and more seniors make the choice to age in place, home health aides will become an increasingly vital part of the healthcare system. And while the current median salary is just under $21,000, the increased need for these workers is expected to drive pay upward.While doctors may be the first thing that comes to mind when you think of healthcare professions, there are plenty of other career paths for aspiring members of the healthcare industry. Each of these five professions offers extraordinary job security, along with educational and training requirements far less strenuous than the ones imposed upon doctors. The result? Unprecedented opportunities for people looking to get a foot in the door of the in-demand healthcare industry.

Explain ‘Natural Moral Law’ Essay Example

Explain ‘Natural Moral Law’ Essay Example Explain ‘Natural Moral Law’ Essay Explain ‘Natural Moral Law’ Essay Natural Law can be traced back into the Ancient Greek and Roman universes. In Sophocles’ drama Antigone’ . Natural Law is really evident throughout and the Hagiographas of the Greek Philosopher ; Aristotle. In his plants – Nicomachean Ethics’ – he wrote ; The natural is that which is everyplace. is every bit valid. and depends non upon being or non being received†¦that which is natural is unchangeable. and has the same power everyplace. ’ The Ancient Stoics emphasised the importance of Logos. or reason. that governs the universe and sees human nature as one natural order. They considered natural jurisprudence as a jurisprudence of right reason’ . In his missive to the Romans. St Paul wrote about a jurisprudence that is written in the hearts’ of Gentiles. It is hence clear that throughout the ancient universe. although there is differing nomenclature. at that place seems to hold been a consensus over the being of a natural moral jurisprudence. which dictated the rightness or inappropriateness of an action that was non dependent upon the Torahs created by society. St. Thomas Aquinas developed a Fuller history of this natural law’ in the 13th century. This theory is both deontological and absolutist and so his ensuing work is focused upon the ethicacy of actions. In his work Summa Theologica’ . Aquinas described natural jurisprudence as a moral codification. which exists within the intent of nature and was created by God. He says that it is present in every human being. Natural Law exists to help worlds. directing their actions in such away that they might run into their ageless fate. He argued that there was a basic jurisprudence. from which all the other natural Torahs derived. This was to prosecute good and avoid immorality. For Aquinas. both the purpose and the act are of import. this is because his theory is based on a chiefly deontological position. The lone terminal that he values is God as He is per se good. He believed that Acts of the Apostless are per se good or bad because when human existences act in conformity with their ultimate intent. God is glorified. Aquinas followed the line of idea that human existences are intelligent and therefore should be able to direct him or herself. this therefore significance that they can take duty for cognizing and making what God intends for them. Whether or non an act leads towards God depends on whether it fits the intent that worlds were made for. For Thomas Aquinas. the chief intent of human life is to continue the ego and the inexperienced person. to reproduce. worship God. get cognition and live in ordered society. . He names these the primary principles – Acts of the Apostless that are in conformity with these principles are good and those. which do non. are bad. He besides names them the secondary principles – which are opinions about things that we should or should non make because they uphold a primary principle. The theory of Natural Law as put frontward by Aquinas. is based upon the spiritual position that God created the universe. set uping in it a sense of order and intent. which is a direct representation of His will. In the natural jurisprudence attack to moralss. the action itself can either be natural or unnatural. and is judged on that footing. It does non depend for its moral jurisprudence justification upon any consequences. Therefore. harmonizing to natural jurisprudence. an action can be deemed good in itself. even if it brings about enduring. In decision. Natural Moral Law enables to set up regulations in order to construction a community. It gives a concrete ground to be moral and a steadfast footing from which to decline to step over moral boundaries. It provides justification and support for certain nucleus thoughts and it Judgess actions. irrespective of effects. Natural Moral Law isn’t merely merely a set of regulations. but a manner of life. It gives counsel on mundane inquiries on how to populate and associate them to the cardinal rules of life. It provides a complete system of moral life in measure with what it is to be human.

Summary for Iraq Politics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary for Iraq Politics Paper - Essay Example Issues of oil have also dominated international debates and Iraqi’s influence on the entire world economy. This paper seeks to assess the Iraqi situation in the past, present, and the future, in the light of the research questions presented below. The above questions are based on conflict avoidance and conflict resolution in the Middle East, especially Iraq (Anderson, Seibert and Wagner 105). This country holds a significant percentage of an important resource; oil. One, Iraq has not had political stability for quite some time. It has also engaged in wars and violation of human rights. Using this as an excuse, a number of countries have been observed to want to control the Iraqi oil fields (Pelletiere 48). For instance, the US has installed a peacekeeping initiative in Iraq. However, over and above the peace mission, US have also been observed expressing interest in one way or another to control the rich Iraqi oil fields. The specific role and interest of the US in Iraq is ambiguous, and the US’s benefits or harm to Iraq needs critical analysis. THERE IS A GLOBAL ALLIANCE OF RULING ELITES WHICH IS ALSO IN COMPETITION WITH EACH OTHER OVER CONSUMER MARKETS, RAW MATERIALS, LABOR MARKETS. THIS IS THE CONCEPT KNOWN AS  "COMPETITOR PEERS† (Lecture: â€Å"Liberalism, Realism, theories of International Relations, and Neo-conservatism). However, the primary role of the US presence in Iraq has been to promote peace and stability of the nation Possible answers can be predetermined in relation to the research questions presented earlier. Failure to put a stable government in place and the violation of human rights from time to time have made Iraq what it is today (Smith 386). Even before the US made an entry into Iraq, this scenario had been observed.  

Lab Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lab Report - Essay Example The exercise involved the use of a sinusoidal signal generated in MATLAB for (preliminary Q.5) generated for this experiment using the C6713 system board with f (frequency) = 500 Hz, Fs (sampling frequency) = 8 kHz and A (amplitude) = 1V. IIR filter was applied to this signal with different kind of equations. A construction of a pole-zero plot was applied with the aim of understanding the nature and functions of the signals. For the implementation of the filter on the C6713, the magnitude function was swept at different frequencies to see the effect on the Vout (output voltage). Figure 8 and 9 show the effect of sweeping frequency for one at 1000 Hz and the other at 2000 Hz. Experiment 1 majored on the application of an IIR filter to generate a single sinusoid on C6713 system. As illustrated in the above experiment, the different equations were used in the construction of the sinusoidal signal and a pole-zero plots was used in making observations. The pole-zero plot in figure 4 shows two poles located on the unit circle; this implies that the signal is ‘marginally stable’ meaning that it maintains its stability throughout the experiment (Kuo, Lee & Tian, 2013). This is the trend for the waveform evidenced in Figure 3, where the signal remains constant as it oscillates. This is contrary if the poles were located within the unit circle, the signal would change by beginning to decay as it is considered stable. If the poles were located outside circle, the signal would start increasing, which implies that the signal is unstable. For the case in experiment 2, a 4th order Butterworth filter designed both in MATLAB and on the C6713 system. For the Butterwort filter in MATLAB portion, the magnitude response (linear and dB) was constructed while conditioned on the C6713 system, the voltage inputs and outputs were measured at different frequencies. A construction of a pole-zero plots was made as a feedback to the magnitude response. In doing so,

Diabetes Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diabetes - Article Example Mukesh, B.N., Le, A., Dimitrov, P.N., Ahmed, S., Taylor, H.R., and McCarty, C.A., (2006). Development Of Cataract And Associated Risk Factors: The Visual Impairment Project. Archives of Ophthalmology; 124(1): pp. 79-85. 6. Dielemans, I., de Jong, P.T., Stolk, R., Vingerling, J.R., Grobbee, D.E., and Hofman, A., (1996). Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma, Intraocular Pressure, And Diabetes Mellitus In The General Elderly Population. The Rotterdam Study. Ophthalmology; 103(8): pp.1271-1275. 7. Hennis, A., Wu, S.Y., Nemesure, B., Leske, M.C., and Barbados Eye Studies Group, (2003). Hypertension, Diabetes, And Longitudinal Changes In Intraocular Pressure. Ophthalmology; 110(5): pp. 908-914. 9. Klein, R., Klein, B.E., Moss, S.E., and Meuer, S.M., (2000). The Epidemiology Of Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Transactions Of The American Ophthalmological Society; 98:133-41; discussion 141-3. 11. Wong, T.Y., Larsen, E.K., and Klein, R, et al., (2005). Cardiovascular Risk Factors For Retinal Vein Occlusion And Arteriolar Emboli: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities & Cardiovascular Health Studies. Ophthalmology; 112(4): pp. 540-547.

Conan Doyle create suspense Essay Example for Free

Conan Doyle create suspense Essay Suspense is to create a state of excitement or anxious uncertainty about what may happen. This brings the audience more into the story and makes them want to continue reading. Crime fiction stories have and need suspense to draw in the readers and make the story much more interesting. This is what Conan Doyle is most noted for: his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 22nd May 1859, Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle graduated with a degree in medicine from Edinburgh University in 1881. Dr. Joseph Bell was one of his professors who was an expert in diagnosing disease using careful observation. Bell showed Doyle how to create deductions about patients by observing them closely. People suspect Bell to be one of the models for Sherlock Holmes. Sherlock Holmes first appeared in 1887 in A Study in Scarlet. The Sherlock Holmes stories became very popular and famous. The Stand Magazine published the short stories in 1890 bit by bit, and this made the public want to read them more as the suspense made them buy the magazine again and again so they could find out what happened next. I will be explaining how Doyle uses tension and suspense in the Sherlock Holmes stories and how this makes the audience continue reading. In addition, I will also be describing the methods that Doyle uses. Furthermore, I will be comparing and contrasting the following stories: Silver Blaze, The Red-Headed League and A Scandal in Bohemia. The introductions of all three stories differ, yet they all pull the reader into the story and make them continue reading. The beginning of Silver Blaze is speech; I am afraid, Watson that I shall have to go, this raises many questions in the readers head such as, why is he going? where? how long for? and so on. The sudden statement is followed with quick, sharp questions and answers; Go! Where to? and To Dartmoor to Kings Pyland. These are sentences that utter surprise and intrigue the reader to ask even more questions. So the reader feels they must keep on reading. Instead of starting with speech, The Red-Headed League starts with a description of a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair. This creates an image in the readers mind and they wonder why Holmes is in deep conversation with such a man. Also, it is rather odd that Watson would mention the colour of the mans hair, perhaps the reader thinks it has something to do with the story and so reads on. A Scandal in Bohemia starts off extremely different to the other two stories. To Sherlock Holmes she is always the woman. This story does not start with speech such as in Silver Blaze, or with a description like The Red-Headed League. No, this story starts with Watson informing us about something, Holmess feelings and his relationship with this woman. The reader is intrigued as to why Holmes refers to her as the woman, why the is written in italics and why Watson is mentioning her to us. Also we want to know this womans name, which when the reader reads on finds out is Irene Adler. She is described by Watson as of dubious and questionable memory. We wonder why he illustrates her this way and what the connection is between Holmes and Miss Adler. Watson tells us that in Holmess eyes she eclipses and predominates the whole of her sex. So we are now asking why this is, what could she have possibly done to make Holmes think this of a woman. Also, the reader thinks she must have done something as the title of the story indicates a scandal. However, Watson continues to explain and the reader is captivated to read on. All of Doyles stories are structured in a similar way, meaning he begins with a detailed account of the crime that has happened or will happen, and then Holmes and Watson investigate the scene of the crime, and finally right at the end of the story the solution is supplied by Holmes and all becomes clear. This structural technique keeps the reader guessing for the majority of the story, leaving the reader in suspense until all is revealed at the end. Also, it creates a sense of stability because the readers know that the stories follow a certain order and that all will be revealed. This is excellent since the reader is (typically) given all of the clues and has a chance to play the part of the detective to try and unravel the crime, generally without success, which makes it more exciting, and the reader is kept in suspense for most of the story. Doyle uses language that seems relatively old to us but was normal for him in the 1880s, and this proves to be very effective because the words and general language are strong and varied, with a wide range of vocabulary used. The language is very formal yet easy to understand, apart from some words that had a different meaning from what they mean now, for example in Silver Blaze Doyle uses the word drag which was a private horse-drawn coach in the time that this story was written, whereas today we use the word drag to describe pulling something. In Silver Blaze Doyle makes Holmes tell Watson about the crime and what he finds peculiar about this case. Watson listens carefully until he notices something and says Did the stable-boy, when he ran out with the dog, leave the door unlocked behind him? Holmes replies, Excellent, Watson; excellent! This emphasises Watsons use as a plot device. Watson will ask the questions that the reader is thinking and Holmes will answer the questions giving clues along the story and making the reader feel like they are working alongside the detective to solve the crime. In Silver Blaze there is a paragraph on page 18 (Why should he take the horse out of the stable? ) where Holmes is asking a lot of questions, this makes the reader understand Holmess intelligence, that he does not overlook the things that we may consider small. In addition, it also makes the reader ask themselves the questions and try to work it out for themselves. Once again they feel like they are working beside the detective. Something that builds tension in the story is how Holmes and Watson are always talking about the case but never about the actual conclusion itself, more like dodging around the issue and never really reaching the conclusion until the end.

Architectural Designs Of Castles Vs. Modern Homes :: essays research papers

Is the architectural design of modern homes slowly changing back to the architectural design of castles in the Middle Ages? If design of homes is changing back to design of castles is it a reflection on our society that castles of the Middle Ages were built primarily for defense. Does this mean that as a society we are tying to pull away from each other? There are many similar characteristics and features between modern homes and castles that are incorporated into the design specifically for defense reasons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Castles in the Middle Ages were built primarily for defense in war. They were constantly being attacked so they had to be built very strong and almost impenetrable. Castles were very large to protect from invaders, but they were definitely not made for comfort. They were very dirty inside, but their main purpose was for defense. Castles were built with very strong walls. Some of the castles had walls that could be as big as thirty feet thick. They also had multiple walls so that if invaders got past the outer wall they still had to get past one or two more, this made defending the castle much easier. The walls were constructed with narrow, wedge-shaped slits in them for archers to shoot arrows at invaders. The outer walls also had holes in the floors for defenders to drop rocks down on invading people who had gotten through the first wall. These holes were called murder holes. Inside the castle were many knights, archers, and soldiers prepared to defend against an yone who breaks all of the way through the walls and gets inside of the castle. Castles also had very large gates and gatehouses to let people into the castle. There was a gatehouse for each wall. Each gatehouse usually had a very large metal and wooden gate that could be lowered into the opening to stop an enemy from getting in or it could be raised to let friends in. Besides huge gates, outer gatehouses also had drawbridges, which could be lowered across moats to let people into the castle. They were also raised to prevent people form getting across. Castles were also built in strategic places so that they could use natural defenses. For instance, some castles were built on the sides of mountains. Others were built in places with many trees surrounding them. Some were built near lakes and rivers, but most of them had moats dug around them.

Alexander Hamilton: Financial Plan Essay

After the Founding Fathers ratified the Constitution, they realized that they had to deal with sixty-three million dollars debt that they owed to those who took part in the American Revolution. In order to pay back this debt Alexander Hamilton created a financial program. However, some Republicans such as Thomas Jefferson and James Madison thought that his plan was unconstitutional because one would need to use the necessary and proper clause which most people feared because it gave the government too much power. This, however, is not so Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan however was mostly constitutional because it allowed it to use the powers as well as responsibilities congress already had such as print its own form of currency, issue taxes, and ultimately pay off debts. Hamilton’s financial plan can be broken down to four parts the taxation, national bank, Hamilton’s reports, and the assumption plan all four were within his rights to do so. One of the four p arts of Hamilton’s economic plan was taxation. He placed a tax on Distilled Spirits, or otherwise known as whiskey, because not many people produced it and sold it. This part of his plan that was completely constitutional. Since it is one of the enumerated powers as seen in the Constitution (I, 8, 1) that Congress is allowed to collect and levy taxes to pay off a debt. Thus Hamilton’s taxation on distilled spirits was constitutional. The second part of the financial plan was the creation of the national bank. Some things the national bank did were that it established a national currency and establish credit in the country and overseas. The national bank was constitutional because it could have been done through the elastic clause, or the necessary and proper clause (I, 8, 18). This clause could have been used because it allowed Congress coin money, pay off debts made in the Revolution, and regulate commerce. Also, all three are enumerated powers. Another part of the economic program was the reports proposed by Alexander Ha milton. Hamilton presented three reports from January 1790 to December 1791. The first was a report on public credit. This proposed to replace old bonds with new ones for those who had them. And the Federal government would also â€Å"assume† the state debts. This could be done through the necessary and proper clause because this would ultimately allow the government pay off some of its debts. The second report was also a report on Public credit in this one however he wanted to place a tax on distilled spirits. This could have been done because of in the Constitution, (I, 8, 1), congress had the power to tax. He also proposed the creation of the national bank. This too could have been done through the necessary and proper clause because the national bank would help Congress to use its other powers like coin money and regulate commerce. The third and final report was the report on manufacture. In this Hamilton proposed a program where the government would aid and encourage the manufacturing enterprise and American industries. In this report Hamilton wanted to put tariffs on imported goods to protect American Industries. This also allowed them to compete with the more inexpensive European imports. This could also have been achieved through the necessary and proper clause because it would help inventors and it would count as a tax which would help with the debt. What Hamilton proposed in the reports was constitutional mainly through the necessary and proper clause. The final part of Hamilton’s financial plan is the assumption plan. The assumption plan is the plan where the government would â€Å"assume† all state debts by paying off all bonds sold at face value. This would ultimately help America gain good credit. This plan was too constitutional for it helped pay off debts which is one of the responsibilities of Congress stated in the Constitution (I, 8, 1). In turn the Elastic clause could be used to say that this plan is constitutional. All in all, all parts of Alexander Hamilton’s economic program were constitutional. The whiskey tax was constitutional through Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the constitution. The national bank could have been justified through the elastic clause. The reports were also constitutional through mainly the necessary and proper clause. The assumption plan was also constitutional because it supported Article I, Section 8, Clause 1. This proves the constitutionality of Hamilton’s financial program.

Critique of the Cultural Imperialism Theory

Abstract This paper stands to critique the Cultural Imperialism Theory. The paper further looks at both the negative and the positive effects of Cultural Imperialism. The cultural imperialism theory sets to shape the concept of cultural imperialism itself. It concludes that, though the western world is eroding the culture of developing countries and Nigeria as a study, Nigeria as a Nation should put on some safety belt in safeguarding our heritage. Keywords: culture, imperialism, media imperialism, cultural imperialism Introduction A man's pride lies in his confidence and his personality is greatly nurtured by his ulture.Culture is the characteristic of a particular group of people, defined by things such as language, religion, social habits, music and arts that are passed from one generation to the other; it can also be the tradition of the people (Zimmermann, 2012). According to the New Oxford Dictionary, culture is the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concept of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquire by a group of people in the course of generations through individual land group striving.Imperialism as defined by the Dictionary of Human Geography, is the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination. According to Downing, Mohammad', and Sreberny- Mohammadi (1995), Imperialism is the conquest and control of one country by a more powerful one. According to Boyd-Barrett (1977 p. 1 7)

52 Essays (908 words) - Branches Of Biology, Biology, Life Sciences

52 Essays (908 words) - Branches Of Biology, Biology, Life Sciences Cloning Cloning Cloning opens many doors of opportunities in the agricultural aspect of the United States of America. It has already been a major factor in saving the lives of many humans. I feel the society as a whole can not and should not degrade this scientifical finding. I feel that human cloning should not be done and that this subject raises too many ethical questions. I would like to focus on an agricultural aspect if I may. People raised hell when animal parts were put into humans to save lives and today it is an accepted part of medicinal science. I feel that cloning in an agricultural and medicinal aspect will become the same as transplanted animal parts. It will go through much debate, but ten years from now it will be accepted scientifically, socially, and morally. In an article in Newsweek called A Cloned Chop, Anyone? They take a somewhat neutral, but also somewhat negative viewpoint of cloning in an agricultural and medicinal sense. They admit some good aspects of this genetic engineering, but they still seem pessimistic of the future of cloning in animals excluding humans. The first thing the article states is the Wall Street opportunities for the biotech field. Instead of phone calls from eager investors only phone calls from reporters were coming in asking about this market. I feel that now would be a great time to invest in biotechnical companies specializing in agricultural and medicinal cloning. This article says nothing about the great potentials of long term investment. Long term investment especially in the medicinal field is incredibly profitable. Just as in other controversial investing opportunities I feel that investors will find they could have made a lot of money if they invested in this area. Ten to fifteen years from now this agricultural cloning will be a commonly routine thing and price wars will begin for the products produced by them which means many great investment opportunities will be available. But one must remember that Wall Street is extremely short term investing so this is a good explanation for not many investors being interested in this because it is still many years before tangible and profitable products are made from cloning. The article goes on to say the Scottish scientists have a lot of good ideas, but they seem to be only a sci-fi adventure. Once again I disagree. Scottish scientists are trying to help the human race, not be lucrative mad scientists looking for another way to manipulate the human race. The following are some things that have already been done with genetic engineering and they are helpful to us, the human race. They plan on genetically engineering cows that produce altered milk formulas for premature infants. This is great I do not know how anyone can go against this because if their infant's life were on the line they would do everything in their power to save their child's life. Also they are genetically engineering animal organs to be more similar to those of humans. So just like we have been trying to do we can take organs from animals and successfully transplant them into humans. Again this will save many lives of people with terminal diseases that can be saved by organ transplant. Cloning is referred in the genetics area as transgenics. Some companies have been altering genes of animals with genes of humans to produce proteins needed to fight cancer and other diseases. Cloning may further enhance this procedure witch will help catalyst this treatment easily past the human testing stage into curing these horrible diseases. One company has already bred cows that may produce milk containing a protein essential for infants who can not nurse. Again I see no down side to this product and cloning will help speed this research along so we can save lives. The article next talks about some positives. It tells how sheep with proteins necessary for saving human lives can be breed more efficiently with cloning. Right now only one or two out of every ten sheep produce the proteins needed. However with cloning these "good" sheep can be cloned. Then they breed with other clones to make a whole generation of sheep with the desired protein. One company in the biotech field PPL is hoping to genetically engineer animals that will produce a tissue glue for use in surgery and a drug for cystic fibrosis. Finally the article states at the end that does anyone want to eat a cloned chop. Well the major restaurant chains did not seem interested. But first

Rape1 essays

Rape1 essays It was a stormy, pitch black night. A strange man breaks into a womans apartment by sliding open an unlocked window. He threatens the womans life as she kicks and screams with terror. He rapes her, and then leaves. After work a husband comes home and insists that his wife performs oral sex. When she denies him of his request; he tightly grabs her shoulder and pushes her to her knees. He then unzips his pants and forces her to perform oral sex. A couple is out on a date, when the man pulls off to the side of a country road. The couple begins to make out in the back seat of the car. The man proceeds to pull off both his and her pants as she says I dont want to have sex, he ignores what she has said All of these scenarios are considered rape in California. In this paper I will address a feminist perspective of rape, and rape prevention. Rape was viewed, prior to the 20th century, as a crime against the father or husband of the raped women, rather than a crime against the women herself. These women would not be allowed to marry into respectable families, and would often stay single remaining the economic liability of the father. These women would have no value in society; a womens value within society was based on her ability to marry and produce legitimate heirs [Odem, Clay-Warner (1998), p. 36]. Rape was also viewed as the womens fault. Women were considered to be depraved or a fallen woman if she engaged in sexual intercourse before she was married, even if it was against her will. The women was blamed for the mans crime and was socially stigmatized as a result of the attack. There are many stereotypes of rape victims such as: the women asked for it, when a women says no she really means yes, women can resist rape if they want to, a...

How to Find the Mean of a Set of Numbers Formula and Examples

How to Find the Mean of a Set of Numbers Formula and Examples SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you taking the SAT or ACT and want to make sure you know how to work with data sets? Or maybe you’re looking to refresh your memory for a high school or college math class. Whatever the case, it’s important you know how to find the mean of a data set. We'll explain what the mean is used for in math, how to calculate the mean, and what problems about the mean can look like. What Is a Mean and What Is It Used For? The mean, or arithmetic mean, is the average value of a set of numbers. More specifically, it's the measure of a "central" or typical tendency in a given set of data. Mean- often simply called the "average"- is a term used in statistics and data analysis. In addition, it's not unusual to hear the words "mean" or "average" used with the terms "mode," "median," and "range," which are other methods of calculating the patterns and common values in data sets. Briefly, here are the definitions of these terms: Mode- the value that appears most frequently in a data set Median- the middle value of a data set (when arranged from lowest value to highest) Range- the difference between the highest and smallest values in a data set So what is the purpose of the mean exactly? If you have a data set with a wide range of numbers, knowing the mean can give you a general sense of how these numbers could essentially be put together into a single representative value. For example, if you’re a high school student getting ready to take the SAT, you might be interested to know the current mean SAT score. Knowing the mean score gives you a rough idea of how most students taking the SAT tend to score on it. How to Find the Mean: Overview To find the arithmetic mean of a data set, all you need to do is add up all the numbers in the data set and then divide the sum by the total number of values. Let’s look at an example. Say you’re given the following set of data: $$6, 10, 3, 27, 19, 2, 5, 14$$ To find the mean, you’ll first need to add up all the values in the data set like this: $$6 + 10 + 3 + 27 + 19 + 2 + 5 + 14$$ Note that you don’t need to rearrange the values here (though you may if you wish to) and can simply add them in the order in which they’ve been presented to you. Next, write down the sum of all the values: $$6 + 10 + 3 + 27 + 19 + 2 + 5 + 14 = \bo86$$ The last step is to take this sum (86) and divide it by the number of values in the data set. Because there are eight different values (6, 10, 3, 27, 19, 2, 5, 14), we'll be dividing 86 by 8: $$86 / 8 = 10.75$$ The mean, or average, for this set of data is 10.75. How to Calculate a Mean: Practice Questions Now that you know how to find the average- in other words,how to calculate the mean of a given set of data- it’s time to test what you’ve learned. In this section, we'll give you four math questions that involve finding or using the mean. The first two questions are our own, whereas the second two are official SAT/ACT questions; as such, these two will require a little bit more thought. Scroll past the questions for the answers and answer explanations. Practice Question 1 Find the mean of the following set of numbers: 5, 26, 9, 14, 49, 31, 109, 5. Practice Question 2 You are given the following list of numbers: 4, 4, 2, , 6, $X$, 1, 3, 2. The arithmetic mean is 4. What is the value of $X$? Practice Question 3 The list of numbers 41, 35, 30, $X, Y$, 15 has a median of 25. The mode of the list of numbers is 15. To the nearest whole number, what is the mean of the list? 20 25 26 27 30 Source: 2018-19 Official ACT Practice Test Practice Question 4 At a primate reserve, the mean age of all the male primates is 15 years, and the mean age of all female primates is 19 years. Which of the following must be true about the mean age $m$ of the combined group of male and female primates at the primate reserve? $m = 17$ $m 17$ $m 17$ $15 m 19$ Source: The College Board How to Find the Average: Answers + Explanations Once you’vetried out the four practice questions above, it’s time to compare your answers and see whether you understand not just how to find the mean of data but also how to use what you know about the mean to more effectively approach any math questions that deal with averages. Here are the answers to the four practice questions above: Practice Question 1: 31 Practice Question 2: 3 Practice Question 3: C. 26 Practice Question 4: D. $15 m 19$ Keep reading to see the answer explanation for each question. Practice Question 1 Answer Explanation Find the mean of the following set of numbers: 5, 26, 9, 14, 49, 31, 109, 5. This is a straightforward question that simply asks you to calculate the arithmetic mean of a given data set. First, add up all the numbers in the data set (remember that you don’t need toarrangethem in order from lowest to highest- only do this if you’re trying to find the median): $$5 + 26 + 9 + 14 + 49 + 31 + 109 + 5 = \bo248$$ Next, take this sum and divide it by the number of values in the data set.Here, there are eight total values, so we'll divide 248 by 8: $$248 / 8 = 31$$ The mean and correct answer is 31. Practice Question 2 Answer Explanation You are given the following list of numbers: 4, 4, 2, , 6, $X$, 1, 3, 2. The arithmetic mean is 4. What is the value of $X$? For this question, you’re essentially working backward: you already know the mean and now must use this knowledge to help you solve for the missing value, $X$, in the data set. Recall that to find the mean, you add up all the numbers in a set and then divide the sum by the total number of values. Since we know the mean is 4, we’ll start by multiplying 4 by the number of values (there are nine separate numbers here, including $X$): $$4 * 9 = 36$$ This gives us the sum of the data set (36). Now, the question becomes an algebra problem, in which all we need to do is simplify and solve for $X$: $$4 + 4 + 2 + + 6 + X + 1 + 3 + 2 = 36$$ $$33 + X = 36$$ $$X = 3$$ The correct answer is 3. Practice makes perfect! Practice Question 3 Answer Explanation The list of numbers 41, 35, 30, $X, Y$, 15 has a median of 25. The mode of the list of numbers is 15. To the nearest whole number, what is the mean of the list? 20 25 26 27 30 This tricky-looking math problem comes from an official ACT practice test, so you can expect it to be a little less direct than your typical arithmetic mean problem. Here, we’re given a data set with two unknown values: 41, 35, 30, $X, Y$, 15 We’re also given two critical pieces of information: The mode is 15 The median is 25 To solve for the mean of this data set, we will need to use all the information we’ve been given and will also need to know what the mode and median are. As a reminder, the mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set, while the median is the middle value in a data set (when all values have been arranged from lowest to highest). Since the mode is 15, this must mean that the value 15 appears at least twice in the data set (in other words, more times than any other value appears). As a result, we can say replace either $X$ or $Y$ with 15: $$41, 35, 30, X, 15, 15$$ We’re also told that the median is 25. To find the median, you must first rearrangethe data set in order from lowest value to highest value. Sincethe median is more than 15 but less than 30, we should put $\bi X$ between these two values. Here’s what we get when we rearrange our values from lowest to highest: $$15, 15, X, 30, 35, 41$$ There are six values in total, (including $X$) meaning that the median will be the number exactly halfway between the third and fourth values in the data set.In short,25 (the median) must come halfway between $X$ and 30. This means that $X$ must equal 20, since that would put it 5 away from 20 and 5 away from 30 (or halfway between the two values). We now have a complete data set with no unknown values: $$15, 15, 20, 30, 35, 41$$ All we have to do now is use these values to solve for the mean. Start by adding them all up: $$15 + 15 + 20 + 30 + 35 + 41 = 156$$ Finally, divide the sum by the number of values in the data set (that’s six): $$156 / 6 = 26$$ The correct answer is C. 26. Practice Question 4 Answer Explanation At a primate reserve, the mean age of all the male primates is 15 years, and the mean age of all female primates is 19 years. Which of the following must be true about the mean age $m$ of the combined group of male and female primates at the primate reserve? $m = 17$ $m 17$ $m 17$ $15 m 19$ This practice problem is an official SAT Math practice question from the College Board website. For this math question, you’re not expected to solve for the mean but must instead use what you know about two means to explain what the mean of the larger group could be. Specifically, we're being asked how we can use these two means to express, in algebraic terms, the mean age ($\bi m$) forbothmale and female primates. Here’s what we know: first, the mean age of all male primates is 15 years. Secondly, the mean age of all female primates is 19 years.This means that, in general,the female primates are older than the male primates. Since the mean age for male primates (15) is lower than that for female primates (19), we know that the mean age for both groups cannot logically exceed 19 years. Similarly, because the mean age for female primates is greater than that for male primates, we know that the mean age for both cannot logically fall below 15 years. We are therefore left with the understanding that the mean age for the male and female primates together must be greater than 15 years (the mean age of the males) but also less than 19 years (the mean age of the females). This rationale can be written as the following inequality: $$15 m 19$$ The correct answer is D. 15 $\bi m$ 19. What’s Next? Tolearn even more about data sets,look at our guide to the best strategies for mean, median, and mode on SAT Math. Taking the SAT or ACT soon? Then you'll definitely want to know what kind of math you're going to be tested on. Check out our in-depth guides to the SAT Math section and the ACT Math sectionto get started. What are the most important math formulas to know for the SAT and ACT?Get an overview of the 28 critical SAT formulas and the 31 critical ACT formulasyou should know.

Legal skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Legal skills - Essay Example Stephen Lennard for the Plaintiffs. 5. What remedies were Interfoto Picture Library Ltd seeking in the Court of Appeal? (2 marks) They were looking to uphold the judgment of the trial court, which had awarded them substantial damages against the defendant. 6. Which cases were applied by the Court of Appeal? (2 marks) Parker v. South Eastern Railway Company; J Spurling Ltd. v. Bradshaw; Thornton v. Shoe Lane Parking Ltd.; McCutcheon v. David MacBrayne Ltd. 7. In what court was McCutcheon v David MacBrayne Ltd [1964] 1 All ER 430 heard?(1 mark) Court of Session. 8. What are the material facts of Interfoto Picture Library v Stiletto Visual Programmes? (6 marks) The plaintiffs run a photographic transparency lending library. After the defendants inquired, the plaintiffs sent the defendants 47 transparencies and a delivery note that had 9 printed conditions on it. Condition 2 stated that the transparencies must be returned to the plaintiff after 14 days, otherwise there would be a ?5 a da y penalty for every day after 14 days that the defendants held onto the transparencies. The defendants returned the transparencies four weeks later, claiming that they did not read the printed conditions. The bill to the defendants was ?3,738. The plaintiffs did try to call the defendants twice before the defendants gave back the transparencies. The defendants refused to pay. 9. ... 11. What were the two arguments made by the defendant? (6 marks) The defendants claimed that the Condition 2 was never a part of the contract, as the defendants never received the delivery note. They also claimed that the contract between the two parties was formed before they knew about the delivery note. 12. How does the basis for the decision in Parker v South Eastern Rly Co (1877) 2CPD 416 differ from that in Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd [1956] 1 All ER 686? (2 marks) In Parker, the court looked at the terms as a whole, and decided if the terms, as a whole, were brought to the attention of the other party. In Thornton, the court decided that a particularly onerous term should be brought to the attention of the party, and if that particularly onerous term was not brought to the party's attention, that this term did not become a part of the contract. 13. (a) How did counsel for the plaintiff distinguish Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd [1956] 1 All ER 686? (2 marks) They state that the Thornton case deals with an exemption clause, and the holding should be limited to exemption clauses. Since their case did not involve an exemption clause, they argued that the holding in Thornton did not apply. (b) Was this distinction was accepted by Dillon LJ and explain his reasoning on the issue. (2 marks) No. Dillon stated that what was stated in the Thornton case was a general application of law, therefore the holding could be applied to any onerous statement in any contract. 14. (a) What principle does Bingham LJ say is not an overriding principle of English law? (1 mark) In making and carrying out contracts, each party must act in good faith. (b) How has English law dealt with this principle? Give examples. (4 marks) In

Globalization on the U.S. Economy Research Paper

Globalization on the U.S. Economy - Research Paper Example Globalization is a concept whose recognition appeared only recently, although its evolution can be traced back to the middle age periods in Europe. Localism and centralization in trade and social interactions defined societies in pre-modern periods, in which people remained within the confines of their birthplaces for their entire lives (Torress 107). Trade was mainly conducted in market places within territories with long distance trades only being on luxury goods, which were exclusive for the rich. Leadership was mainly through kingships and monarchs used local power elites owing allegiance to them, with no form of centralised governing machinery whatsoever. However, in the wake of natural disasters like famines and droughts, increased demand for goods and religious commitments led to the interaction between different communities and kingdoms began to expand with merchants traversing large distances in search for sources and markets for their merchandise (Waters 121). The sixteenth century saw the explosion of the concept of globalisation and the transient of localism. Some of the developments included improvements in naval technologies, which opened up trade between territories oceans apart. There was European regeneration marked by moving away from the monarch leadership to statehood existing presently, and the emergence of the French and American Revolution principles (Watters 249). This was followed by the emergence of the industrial revolution, which saw great improvements in technology, inanimate traction, increased demand and supply leading to increased trade over long distances, colonialism and missionary work across the globe.