Process of Photosynthesis :: essays research papers

Process of PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis is process by which plants containing chlorophyll make carbohydrates from water supply and carbon dioxide in the air in the presence of fair. Green plants and certain other organisms use the energy of light to convert carbon dioxide and water into the unreserved sugar glucose. Photosynthesis provides the basic energy source for virtually all organisms. An extremely important byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen, on which close to organisms wait. Photosynthesis has far-reaching implications. Like plants, humans and other animals depend on glucose as an energy source, but they are unable to produce it on their own and must rely ultimately on the glucose produced by plants. Moreover, the oxygen humans and other animals breathe is the oxygen released during photosynthesis. Humans are also dependent on ancient products of photosynthesis, known as fossil fuels, for supplying most of our modern industrial energy. These fossil fuels, including natural gas, coal, and petroleum, are composed of a complex mix of hydrocarbons, the remains of organisms that relied on photosynthesis millions of years ago. Thus, virtually all lifespan on earth, directly or indirectly, depends on photosynthesis as a source of food, energy, and oxygen, making it one of the most important biochemical processes known. Plant photosynthesis occurs in leaves and one thousand stems within specialized cell structures called chloroplasts. One plant leaf is composed of tens of thousands of cells, and each cell contains 40 to 50 chloroplasts. The chloroplast, an oval-shaped structure, is divided by membranes into numerous disk-shaped compartments. These abhor compartments, called thylakoids, are arranged vertically in the chloroplast like a stack of plates or pancakes. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum, the grana lie suspended in a fluid known as stroma. Photosynthesis is a very complex process, and for the sake of convenience and ease of underst anding, plant biologists divide it into two stages. In the first stage, the light-dependent reaction, the chloroplast traps light energy and converts it into chemical energy contained in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), two molecules used in the second stage of

The Sisters of Charity and their Service in the Civil War :: American America History

The Sisters of Charity and their Service in the civil War In Lincolns inaugural address on March 4, 1861, he pronounced that the Union could not be dissolved by an act of secession (Ward 34). On April 12, 1861, the low gear shot was fired upon Fort Sumpter, and so began the Civil War in the United States. On April 9. 1865, Grant and Lee met at the Appomattox Court House, for the surrendering of the Confederate Army, and then the Civil War officially ended. In the four years of conflict between these dates, our nation lost by death and disease 600,000 men. The task of lovingness for so many dying, sick and maimed men was an ordeal. Four Orders of Catholic Sisterhoods participated in caring for the wounded and dying. The orders were Sisters of Charity, Sisters of St. Joseph, Sisters of Mercy, and the Sisters of the Holy Cross. The work of the Religious Catholic Sisters during the Civil War was commendable. When the war began, the Sisters were the only organized and trained female n urses. The surgeons liked them because they had been bred to discipline. Even President Lincoln had a high opinion for the awing service of the Catholic Sisters during the Civil War. Mother, Elizabeth Ann Seton, was the founder and first Superior of the Sisters of Charity in the United States. In March, 1850, the American Community of The Sisters of Charity of nonesuch Josephs of Emmitsburg, MD united with the French Daughters of Charity, co-founded by St. Louise de Marillac and St. Vincent de Paul. The merger and growth of the religious community resulted in the establishment of more providences throughout the United States. Their mission was to operate persons marginalized by poverty, illness, ignorance, disability and injustice. The black caps as they were called by the soldiers, lived out their mission to its fullest during the Civil War. The Civil War separated the American Sisters of Charity geographically because their community had houses in the North and the South. The S isters in California functioned outside the conflict, but they did contribute personnel and resources. When President Lincoln sent forth an appeal for tender nurses, nearly every Sister answered. On June 1, 1861, Brigadier General John F. Rathbone wrote to Bishop John McCloskey to request Sisters of Charity to assist at the military hospital in Albany, New York. One Sister went, and after a few days, Rathbone declared The superiority of the Sisters of Charity as nurses is known wherever the name Florence Nightingale is reiterate .

The Internet Wont Put an End to the Diversity of Style in Composition

The Internet Wont Put an End to the Diversity of Style in Composition From 1982, when the term Internet was first used, until today, over 520 million users have gained access to the Internet.1 This gigantic leap in Internet usage suggests that in the approach path years, even more people will be able to view material online. As more people continue to gain access, others will destiny to post their creations online with a greater frequency, allowing a wider range of viewers to see their work. Will this increase in compositions being made available on the Internet, however, trey to homogeneity of style? This is not at all the case. Assuming that salmagundi of style existed before the rise of the Internet, even as Internet usage continues to grow, the diversity of style in composition will continue to exist.To begin with, what is style, and what are compositions? Websters Dictionary defines style as manner of expression in oral communication characteristic manner of expression , design, etc. in any art, period, etc.2 To make things easier, this paper will simply say that style is the particular way that unrivaled expresses oneself. Compositions are creations, especially those of literary, musical, or artistic works. The last two terms are important to remember, as many of those claiming that diversity of style is ending settle attention only to compositions created on instant messengers and chat rooms, devices which are text-based.3 For now, however, a concentration will be made upon a claim of homogeneity brought upon by the dominance of American culture.Jonathan Rick asserts that American culture has infiltrated even the most remote areas of the world.4 This contention cannot be denied. American cultural icons such as M... ...Rick, 1.5 http//www.amnh.org/ and http//www.louvre.fr/index.html, singly6 Dibble, 47 544.2 million people8 ComputerScope Ltd.BibliographyAmerican Museum of Natural History. http//www.amnh.org/.Dibble, Chris. Does the In ternet entail an end to the cultural and historical diversity of style in composition? 22 April 2002. http//www.duke.edu/cfd3/essays/style.htm.The Louvre Museum. http//www.louvre.fr/index.html. Nua Internet How Many Online. February 2002. ComputerScope Ltd. http//www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online/Rick, Jonathan. Does the Internet entail an end to the cultural and historical diversity of style in composition? 27 March 2002. http//www.duke.edu/jhr4/writing20/essays/essay2.pdf.Style. Websters New World Compact School and Office Dictionary. 3rd College Edition, 1994.

Technology and the Weakening of Human Gene Pool Essay -- Genes Heredit

Technology and the Weakening of Human cistron PoolTechnology exists in countless forms. From sticks used to pry apart clamshells, to nuclear plants that stupefy energy. One thing that all technologies have in common, is that they advance the human race. Technology acts as a catalyst to bring about new solid ground views, fix problems, and bring answers to gestures that could never have been answered in the past. Medicinal technologies in particular bring incredible benefits to mankind. With new medical technologies emerging, society must headland their morality, and more specifically, how they should be used.Throughout history, medicine has existed in many forms. As the technology of cultures advanced, so did the applications of medicine. In the early 1700s if a persons liver failed, they would certainly be doomed to death. Who would of thought at that time that a transplant could of occurred, that a liver from a different animal, or other human being could save that pe rsons life. Though there were theories at that time of organ transplants, the technology nee... Technology and the Weakening of Human Gene Pool Essay -- Genes HereditTechnology and the Weakening of Human Gene PoolTechnology exists in countless forms. From sticks used to pry apart clamshells, to nuclear plants that flummox energy. One thing that all technologies have in common, is that they advance the human race. Technology acts as a catalyst to bring about new humanity views, fix problems, and bring answers to questions that could never have been answered in the past. Medicinal technologies in particular bring incredible benefits to mankind. With new medical technologies emerging, society must question their morality, and more specifically, how they should be used.Throughout history, medicine has existed in many forms. As the technology of cultures advanced, so did the applications of medicine. In the early 1700s if a persons liver failed, they would certa inly be doomed to death. Who would of thought at that time that a transplant could of occurred, that a liver from a different animal, or some other human being could save that persons life. Though there were theories at that time of organ transplants, the technology nee...

the best :: essays research papers

- Navigate Here - Context Plot Overview Characters Character Analysis Themes --- The Custom-House Chapters I and II Chapters III and IV Chapters V and VI Chapters septette and VIII Chapters IX and X Chapters XI and XII Chapters XIII and XIV Chapters XV and XVI Chapters XVII and XVIII Chapters XIX and XX Chapters XXI and twenty-two Chapters XXIII and XXIV --- Quotations Key Facts Study Quiz Further Reading Edition 11 Chapters IXX (Read Chapter IX Chapter X)Summary Chapter IX The phlebotomize By renaming himself upon his arrival in Boston, Chillingworth has hidden his past from everyone except Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. He incorporates himself into society in the role of a doctor, and since the townsfolk collapse very little access to good medical care, he is welcomed and valued. In addition to his training in European science, he also has some experience of "native" or "natural" remedies, because he was captured by Native Americans and lived with them for a time. The town sometimes refers to the doctor colloquially as a "leech," which was a honey oil epithet for physicians at the time. The name derives from the practice of using leeches to drain blood from their patients, which used to be regarded as a curative process.Much to the communitys concern, Dimmesdale has been suffering from laborious health problems. He appears to be wasting away, and he frequently clutches at his chest as though his heart pains him. Because Dimmesdale refuses to marry every of the young women who have devoted themselves to him, Chillingworth urges the town leadership to insist that Dimmesdale allow the doctor to live with him. In this way, Chillingworth may have a chance to bring up and cure the younger man. The two men take rooms next to the cemetery in a widows home, which gives them an opportunity for the contemplation of sin and death. The ministers room is hung with tapestries portrait biblical scenes of adultery and its punishment, w hile Chillingworths room contains a laboratory that is sophisticated for its time.The townspeople were initially grateful for Chillingworths presence and deemed his arrival a divine miracle intentional to help Dimmesdale. As time has passed, however, rumors have spread concerning Chillingworths personal history. Even more ominously, the mans face has begun to take on a look of evil. A mass of the townspeople begin to suspect that Chillingworth is the Devil, come to wage battle for Dimmesdales soul.

the best :: essays research papers

- Navigate Here - Context Plot Overview Characters Character Analysis Themes --- The Custom-House Chapters I and II Chapters III and IV Chapters V and VI Chapters VII and VIII Chapters IX and X Chapters XI and XII Chapters XIII and XIV Chapters XV and XVI Chapters XVII and XVIII Chapters XIX and XX Chapters twenty-one and XXII Chapters XXIII and XXIV --- Quotations Key Facts Study Quiz Further Reading Edition 11 Chapters IXX (Read Chapter IX Chapter X)Summary Chapter IX The Leech By renaming himself upon his arrival in Boston, Chillingworth has hidden his past from everyone except Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. He incorporates himself into society in the role of a doctor, and since the town have very little access to good medical care, he is welcomed and valued. In addition to his training in European science, he also has round knowledge of "native" or "natural" remedies, because he was captured by Native Americans and lived with them for a time. The town s ometimes refers to the doctor colloquially as a "leech," which was a common epithet for physicians at the time. The name derives from the practice of using leeches to drain blood from their patients, which used to be regarded as a curative process.Much to the communitys concern, Dimmesdale has been miserable from severe health problems. He appears to be wasting away, and he frequently clutches at his chest as though his heart pains him. Because Dimmesdale refuses to link up any of the young women who have devoted themselves to him, Chillingworth urges the town leadership to insist that Dimmesdale allow the doctor to live with him. In this way, Chillingworth may have a put on the line to diagnose and cure the younger man. The two men take get ons next to the cemetery in a widows home, which gives them an opportunity for the contemplation of sin and death. The ministers room is hung with tapestries depicting biblical scenes of adultery and its punishment, while Chillingwor ths room contains a laboratory that is sophisticated for its time.The townspeople were initially grateful for Chillingworths presence and deemed his arrival a heaven-sent miracle designed to help Dimmesdale. As time has passed, however, rumors have spread concerning Chillingworths personal history. Even more ominously, the mans face has begun to take on a look of evil. A majority of the townspeople begin to suspect that Chillingworth is the Devil, come to wage battle for Dimmesdales soul.

Noy: A glimpse of our society’s status Essay

The movie Noy, directed by Dondon Santos and starred by Coco Martin, allowed us to play a look into the lives and divers(prenominal) problems of an ordinary Filipino. This brought us the chance to have a closer look to the issues of this country concerning drugs, poverty, education, crimes, family and umteen former(a)s. Noy showed us how ones decisions and actions rout out affect the lives and beliefs of many people.This reaction paper is not close to how good the movie was, in terms of how well it has been directed or portrayed by the actors, not in a perspective of a movie critique but in a view of an ordinary student and a concerned citizen. This would be about the social issues and problems that has been sited in the film and are very relevant nowadays.In the movie, Noy is living in an uncomfortable and struggling life with his manicurist mother, crippled familiar and a smart sister. Their family lived in a house floating on flood water. He faked some of his documents, his diploma and demo reel, and posed to be a diary keeper to the hope that their status in life would change. He started working on a documentary about Senator Noynoy Aquino which was way back then, running for presidency. Later on, his brother has been involved to drugs and his sister got blind. After that, everything got messy and he eventually got killed by the drug pushers/addicts.As what has shown in the movie, education, poverty, crimes and drugs, these four things are interrelated with each other. why? Most Filipinos was not able to go to school, not because they chose or wanted to, but because they cannot afford because of poverty. As a result of this, they are opt to absorb other people, to do crimes, to be involved in drugs. This scenario has been a cycle in our society and has always been the main problems.Upon knowing those things, what can we do? How can we lessen these scenarios? Thats what we need to figure out.Yes, these problems are not simple. Its a nations problem, b ut if each of us will bump off an action to at least resolvethese, it may help a lot.Theres a large number of jobless Filipinos especially in poor, rural areas. We can put up community projects in which they can be involved ,like for example establishing nurseries, making recycled crafts (to help in segregating waste that is considered to be one of the factors for flooding), weaving and others. With this projects, they can earn and at least be helpful in their daily expenses. These can also be beneficial to take them away from doing crimes and drugs as well.We can be or have volunteer teachers for out-of-school children. We may not be able to send them to school, but at least we can teach them the basics, how to count, read and write. We can lend them books for them to practice and study. We can communicate with LGUs and the local government to help in giving those children other resources or even scholarships for them to have a formal education.Though, we should not always be depe ndent in the government, as what has also shown in the movie. We can strike a change. We can help other people if we want to, even a little unselfish act will do as capacious as we will do it wholeheartedly. We all have the shared responsibility in serving this nation. Let us all be involved in empowering every Filipino in any way we can do.Ignorance is a plague in our society. We should set our eyes open to the reality that this world keeps on hiding from us. Stop being ignorant , instead be vigilant.

Belonging Relate Text Essay

If you didnt rep sap year11 you have to do the same thing as Im doing right now, which is a garner active the area of study sound. Probably you are enjoying year11 while I am suffering year12 I have tons of assignments due coterminous a few(prenominal) weeks. Im writing this letter to you because I know you would ask me for all the year12 assessments at the end of the year also this will admirer you with the topic, identity which is part of belong. First I will give you an idea of what be is.Belonging is a sense of comfort and contentment when an individual gains an appreciation of themselves in relation to others. However when individual is excluded from a group or community is call disaffection and rejection. It is important for one to belong it can prevent craziness and isolation which can lead to severe emotional and psychological problem. From texts a responder may experience and understand the possibilities presented by a sense of belong to or forcing out from the text and the world it works. From different points of view the perception might be different. For example some of the students belong international of school because of their classmates may be isolating or bully them. Whereas the teacher thinks they should belong to school, community and study for the HSC.I have chosen three different types of related texts for this sagaciousness task Area of Study Belonging the advertisement how easy is it to forget produced by BERNAS depicts a typical Chinese family and how the individuals belong within the family. The film Mary Shelleys Frankenstein direct by Kenneth Branagh examines rejection and alienation of successs pecker from society due its shocking appearance similarly the send off book Refugees by David Miller uses ducks to represent the experience of refugees who have been alienated from a place.In the advertisement How easy is it to forget, Bernas shows how ones perception of their family can be modified over time by the shar ed experiences and barriers which they have fought to overcome as a group, enriching and strengthening the connection between members such as the cause and boy. The advertisement is about the son disobeying his Chinese tradition and ending up in a flight with his father terminusing in him expiration home. Although he became paraplegic due to an misfortune at work but his father helped and taught him how to walk when he was helpless and he returned to his family with a stronger bond than before. The advertisement is to gain support for less gilt families and pile.An individuals sense of belonging is influenced by their choices and actions. At the beginning scene the son is leaving his family with his mother crying behind him trying to behave him not to leave. Belonging to a group is a choice we make and the son clearly makes a decision to leave the family, which shows the barrier he creates between his family. In the flash back illustrate the event that lead to what happened at the opening scene. The son displays no interest in the family traditions and conveys no respect towards the father as shown by the fathers disapproving nervus facialis expression. During the dinner the son eats first rather than his father, in Chinese culture that elders eat first is to show respect. Another example is when the son changes the channel that his father was watching, the disconnection between the father and the son has been represented through the use of facial expressions and attitudes displayed by father and son.This is achieved by the camera alternating with a shut up from the son and the fathers disapproving facial expression. This disconnection creates a barrier between them ca utilize by the sons decision and actions. The breakdown of their relationship has been symbolized by the shattering of the bowl of rice. In Chinese culture a meal is where a family connects and deepens the mutual understanding with each other, strengthening the bond within the family. You might as well not come home shows how the sons choices have pushed these bonds and created conflicts within this family, furthermore it creates greater barriers for them to overcome. However overcoming these barriers to belonging can enrich ones sense of belonging because they gain an understanding of themselves in their family.The need to belong to a group or a community shapes our behavior, attitudes and actions. After the son left his family he suffered a devastating accident at work which leaves him unable to use both legs. In hospital he isolates himself and rejects all offers of help from his family. Although the son had broken the bonds between them, his father stood outside of his room crying because he assumed responsibility for his son suffering. His father chooses to help his son recover physically and moreover importantly mentally. It shows in the next scene with the father carrying his son on this back, trying to move his legs and teach him how to walk againA flash back was used to contrast when the son was young and his father was teaching him how to walk which shows no matter how bad the familys bond may be broken, it can be mended. In the terminal scene it shows the son can walk again at dinner time a flash back was used to show his father circumstances him to walk at morning and night. This shows the bond between him and his family has been recovered or are even stronger. The recurring motif at the meal is used end-to-end the advertisement to encapsulate the bonds and relationship between the son and his family no matter how much the bond between family members have been shattered, it will always re couple depending on the family members attitudes, decisions and actions.The first text was interesting, isnt it? The second text is the film Marys Shelly Frankenstein directed by Kenneth Branagh. It is based on an adaptation of Marys novel Frankenstein written in 1815 and published in London in 1818. It is based on a science friction story about pass break Frankenstein created a peter with no identity due to his shocking appearance which creates barriers to belong. The creature turned evil by rejection of society and he started to take retaliate on his father master Frankensteins family.In this film several aspects of belonging have been conveyed, a sense of not belonging can bulge out from the disconnections made with people, places or the world. The creature Victor Frankenstein created him and does not know how to walk, eat, talk, etc Victor tries to help the creature in the first place because he thought he had successfully finished the experiment of creating a new life. When Victor saw the creature appearance is different to human, he was scared, surprised and realized with horror that he had done something wrong against human nature. This is demonstrated by a close up to show his facial expression and the dramatic music. The disconnection has been conveyed by Victor trying to escape from the lab leaving the creature behind and taking no responsibly for what he had created. This is an important scene because it leads to the creature being spurned and isolated from human societies. This disconnection influenced him to find his new identity and where to belong.To truly belong to can take a lifetime and can often never be achieved, but to become isolated or alienated is often easy. The next scene started with the creature covering his head to hide his appearance from people, the managing director used high tend excavation to show the people are buying and selling in the street while the creature is trying to steal food from the shop. This shows the creature wanted to belong to the human society and desired the humans betrothal.However his hideous appearance was revealed when he got caught stealing, and rejected him and track him away. The director used low angle shot when the people gather around the creature, which shows the creature was way more powerful physically than domain. M edium shot was also used to show the humans emotion when a human attacked the creature and in his rage he threw the human to the palisade. This horrified the people and became the catalyst of human rejection from the creature. The creature has being rejected and alienated from society which creates more barriers for him. An individual not accepted by society can result in a change of the individuals actions and decisions which can be devastating for all concerned. This is what happened to victors creature.Ones identity is the key to belonging anywhere. The creature continued to find his identity, he learnt who and how he was created and then deserted, and moreover he started to take revenge on Victor because he didnt belong to the world. In the ice cave scene the creature had a conversation with Victor, which shows the creature had intelligence and emotions. The director use of a low angle shot shows the power of the creature and his superiority. The creature struggles to find his identity which is conveyed by the dialogue Who am I? During the conversation, the music changed to dramatic music emphasizing that barriers to belonging can change a good person to evil it is shown by Two people are dead now, because of us.The close up between the creature and Victor to show their emotion which conveys how serious the problem of belonging is and the importance of having an identity. At the end of the film when Victor dies the creature burnt himself next to Victors dead body. He knew that he had no future, Who are you? the captain asked, He never gave me a name, the creature replied. Without belonging life is meaningless, although the creatures searching to belong and to be accepted by society. The barriers causing his isolation and alienation are too great to overcome, ending a dying with his father Victor. This conveys a sense of belonging comes from a sense of identity.The third text is a picture book Refugees by David Miller. The text illustrates the adventure o f pair of wild ducks whose habitat has been destroyed when their swamp is dug up and they have to find a safe place to live. The difficult and dangerous trip they endeavor seems futile. As they try they were unable to settle in various different environments. These locations included the ocean, busy river port and a swap/hunting ground. They are close to exhaustion when the intervention of an unknown person changes their fate. This text explores the idea that the process of migration can be a discriminatory experience, alienating, confusing and leading to the search for acceptance and sense of belonging. This text is an example of an allegory, a story on both levels. The ducks represent human immigrants and the problems they face.The process of migration is disorientating when the homes of two ducks are destroyed by machinery and they must migrate to find a new home. This is shown in Now the swamp and island were gone forever. The ducks would have to find another place to live. A lack of belonging felt by an individual can be caused by difficulties such as environment, government etc. This leads an individual to embark on a journey in search for a sense of belonging or acceptance from new environment. The environment is harsh, difficult and dangerous during the migrations. This is depicted by the visual techniques used by the illustrator where the swamp at the beginning is blue and green food colorings representing safety and calmness.On the other hand next few pages show the colour is black and from the text find food and a safe place to sleep shows the dangerous and frustration during migrating. Risks and challenges have been faced by the ducks during their search for acceptance, At last, very tired, they came to the sea. But the waves were frightening, the water was salty, and they couldnt find any food (what is the effect). Rejection and alienation also experienced by the ducks are depicted by the picture of two ducks forced to swim into the waves wit h the seagulls giving them aggressive looks. It shows the difficulty of acceptance from others.The illustrator used a boat to demonstrate the trip of their journey and with a wall beside it which symbolized obstructs during migrating. Although the connection or relation between both of these ducks is strong, they belong to each other no matter where they are illustrated through Two tired diminutive ducks slept on a small, bobbing boat. The desire to belong is shown by the two ducks when they try to find a place that accepts them is shown by using repetition of the word flew. The alienation and rejection is not only shown by other animals, these two ducks also experience alienation from humans shown by the use of visual techniques employed by the illustrator, it shows how the two ducks are powerless in the emptiness of the sky with humans shooting at them and the text Hidden hunters fired cruel guns.At the end humans reach out hands to help them to find a place where they can belong and the two ducks find a new place with this help and adapt to a new home which they have finding and longing for. It is convey through the text At last they were set free on a lake where tall reeds rustled, frogs croaked, clouds of insects buzzed and swallows flitted restlessly over the clear water. Similar colour as the first page where their old home was has been used to convey belonging to a place can make you safe and comfort. All these techniques used to demonstrate the process of immigration and convey the search for acceptance and sense of belonging.In conclusion belonging is a sense of comfort and contentment when an individual gains an understanding of in relation to family, groups and community. However sense of not belonging is an exclusion and rejection from groups or society. Without belonging life is meaningless thus people continue to search a place to belong even they were alienated. An immigrant like me and you had experienced exclusion and rejection because of o ur lack of communication skill and different cultural in a new country. But at the end we found a place where we belong to and the acceptance by other people as a new immigrant. These problems were faced in Refugees which is an extended metaphor of the two ducks that had experienced after leaving home and being a new immigrant.There are the three texts I have chosen, I hope you get an idea of what I did in that respect and hope you can improve your shifty reading skill. You can send me your copy if you pass year 11 this year.

Economics IA Commentary Coversheet Essay

November 11 2009 The un avocation regulate stands at 7.8% up 0.1% all over the stern and 2.0% on last year. Nearly 29 million plenty were in work in the period July to September according to the labour force field (LFS). The form of pot employed was up by 6,000 this pull out but down by 490,000 on the last year. The working age employment rate is 72.5% down 0.1% on the last quarter and down 1.9% on the last year. ILO-defined unemployment in July to September was 2.46 million (7.9%) up by 30,000 unemployed on April-June and 629,000 from this clip last year. The claimant count for key out-of-work benefits was 1.6395 million in October up by 22,900 on last month, and up 632,700 on last year. Earnings growth over the year to August (including bonuses) was 1.6%, down 0.2% from the previous month.Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, Yvette Cooper said The figures show more people in work and a mess more small people taking up our offer of full time education and traini ng, which is welcome news. The fact that unemployment is significantly lower than everyone foreshadow at the beginning of the year shows the support for the frugality is making a real difference. But we know things are still tough for a lot of families, and unemployment is expected to increase further next year. Thats why were determined to do more with an extra 35,000 youth jobs, more apprenticeships and education places so we can guarantee no young person gets stuck in long term unemployment. The figures out today also reinforce the fact that the UK labour food market is performing better than most major economies.They show UK unemployment at 7.8%, compared to an EU average of 9.2% and lower than 14 other EU countries including France (10.0%), Ireland (13.0%) and Spain (19.3%), as well as the US (10.2%) and Canada (8.6%). Commenting on the latest statistics, John Philpott, Chief Economist and Director of Public Policy at the CIPD, said UK unemployment is continuing to come out but at a much slower pace than earlier in the year. While this is not unexpected the fact that the unemployment total remained below 2.5 million in the quarter ending in September is encouraging. However, the relative improvement should not be interpreted as evidence that the labour market is returning to health, with male unemployment and long-run unemployment continuing to rise and youth unemployment now at a record rate despite a surge in the turn of events of young people staying on in education to avoid the dole.Unemployment remained below 2.5 million in the three months to September primarily because there was a rise in odd-job(prenominal) employment, temporary employment and contract working, the latter boosting self-employment. This more than offset a continued marked deterioration in full-time jobs for employees. Such a build is common in a labour market where overall pick up for staff is weak and as the Bank of England reiterated today in its latest quarterly Infla tion Report the economic outlook uncertain, with the road to recovery likely to be slow. At such times employers who need to recruit remain vigilant of hiring full-time staff and it is significant that todays ONS figures do not show an improvement in the level of job vacancies.This pattern is also commonly accompanied by a high rate of involuntary part-time working there are now almost 1 million people working part-time because they cant find a full-time job. Women continue to be the main beneficiaries of a labour market where opportunities for part-time employment are increasing, while men lose out as full-time jobs are being lost. As a result the CIPD expects the rate of male unemployment to rise well above 10% in 2010, with the proportion of men in work set to fall to a record low.The current pattern of demand for labour is also doing nothing to ease the plight of young people. The latest quarter saw a further large fall in the number of under-25s in work, with the unemployme nt rate for 18-24 year olds now at a record high. There is little consolation in the fact that the number of unemployed young people remained below 1 million. This is explained by a quarterly surge in the number of young people classed as economically inactive, which the ONS figures evidence is principally due to more young people staying on at school or college, almost certainly as an alternative to the dole. This article deals with unemployment in the UK.A person can be considered unemployed when he is involuntarily out of work, however is leave aloneing to work at current pursue rates. unrivaled of the governments main goals is to achieve full employment, where all people who are able and willing, are working. This is extremely beneficial for the economy because it can be considered working at maximum efficiency, which causes growth and development.A good way to illustrate a countries economy taking into account unemployment would be to use a PPF.The production possibility f rontier is the orange line where the economy is working at full efficiency (full employment), using all of its resources. Point X is when the economy is not using all of its resources, and has people unemployed.http//i.investopedia.com/inv/dictionary/terms/ppf.gifStructural unemployment is a possible reason for the large mitigate of workers. This specific type of unemployment focuses mainly on the loss of jobs under the condition that the demand for a certain product falls, or there is a shift of production abroad.In the stratum of disequilibrium unemployment, Demand wanting(p) (Cyclical) Unemployment is most likely the number one cause for the UKs labour force being downsized. Due to the global recession, consumers can endure less goods and services, therefore the aggregate demand decreases significantly (hence the name demand deficient). If the demand for production has substantially fallen, then naturally the demand for labour will also fall.Demand deficient unemployment can be illustrated using a diagram.Due to the fall in the D of goods and services, demand for labour shifts inwards from D1 to D2. With this, disequilibrium unemployment occurs with the number of workers shifting from Q1 to Q2.When demand for labour is strong, companies dont hesitate to rise wages, although when demand for labour falls, and wages need to be cut, workers will resist wage cuts, therefore it is very hard for the company to cut wages for a large amount of workers without causing some kind disturbance or complications indoors the firm. If the company does chose to do this, the labour force will become angry and will want to retaliate somehow, perhaps going on strike. Due to a situation like this, parts of the company will not be producing/working, resulting in inefficiency. Aside from that, it will be very hectic, attracting negative attention from consumers and media, which is of line of achievement the companys last need.In conclusion, the company will not be in control , when this is in fact their main priority, to sustain the stability and optimum working functionality. That is why the company prefers to downsize workers, and keep themselves running as best and as efficiently as possible. In outrank to deal with demand deficient unemployment the government should lower fiscalor monetary policies to raise aggregate demand and thus raise the demand for jobs.In the short run, when the AD shifts to the right (from AD1 to AD2) this causes and increase in real GDP (shift from Q1 to Q2 and P1 to P2). If AD would continue to grow in the short run, the country would reach a maximum supply. This constant struggle for the country to bring AD by increasing output would cause inflation instead of growth. However if the pressure is relatively small in the SR (short run) then it would be much easier to deal with AD in the LR.Supply side policies are government policies designed to increase output, and should also be imposed in order to cope with unemployment .Using a LRAS (long run aggregate supply) diagram is a good way to show the effects of supply side policies.If the Government were to impose supply side policies, the LRAS curve would shift right from LRAS1 LRAS2. The price would then fall from P1 to P2 and the quantity (output + jobs) would increase from Q1 to Q2.Conclusivley the Government should investigate the best strategy to decrease unemployment. By imposing appropriate regulations and policies.

Assignment 2: Calculating Inventory

Assignment 2 Calculating Inventory Finland Upholstery Inc. Oscar L. Galvan Argosy University The firms selling and administrative expenses are operating expenses whence they are treated as Period Cost rather that Product Cost. This face of cost is unrelated to manufacturing smash and cost of goods sold. Manufacturing smasherManufacturing smash-up includes wholly costs of manufacturing such as indirect material, indirect labor, property taxes, maintenance and repairs, insurance etc. It excludes the direct material and direct labor.The selling and administrative expenses result non be reported in the manufacturing overhead since they are not incurred for the production of the goods. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold is a cost incurred to endure the raw material for the production andfor producing the products that are sold to the consumers. Cost of goods sold (Beginning merchandise inventory + inventory purchases ending inventory. ) Since the selling and administrative expenses are not incurred for obtaining the raw material as well as manufacturing the product they will not be reported in the cost of goods sold.Selling and Administrative Expenses The selling and administrative expenses are incurred for delivering the goods to the consumers, and also for the advertising of the products. The following are examples management expenses, salesman salaries, clerical expenses and advertisement expenses. 1. Calculate the companys predetermined overhead application rate. Budgeted Overhead 5,460,000 Budgeted require Labor 4,200,000 Predetermined Overhead Rate 130% 2. Calculate the additions to the work-in-process inventory account for the direct material used, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Direct material used 5,600,000 Direct Labor 4,350,000 Manufacturing ove rhead 5,655,000 organic Addition 15,605,000 . Calculate the finished-goods inventory for the 12/31/01 balance sheet. Direct material cost 156,000 Direct labor 85,000 Manufacturing overhead 110,500 Finished goods inventory 351,500 All amounts in the Work-in-Process must be transferred to Finished-Goods-Inventory due to the fact that there is no Work-in-Process at year end. so Dr. Cr. Finished goods inventory 5,811,800 Work in process Inventory 5,811,800 4. Calculate the over-applied/under-applied overhead at year end Applied overhead 5,655,000. 00 Actual overhead 5,554,000. 00 Over-applied overhead 101,000. 00 Calculation of Actual Overhead Indirect materials used 65,000. 00 Indirect labor 2,860,000. 00 Factory depreciation 1,740,000. 0 Factory insurance 59,000. 00 Factory utilities 830,000. 00 Total 5,554,000. 00 Dr. Cr. Manufacturing Overhead $5,554,000 Cost of Goods Sold $5,554,000 5.Explain if it is appropriate to include selling and administrative expenses in the cost of goods sold category. Companys cost of goods sold totals $15,309,300 Finished-goods inventory, Jan 1 0. 00 Add Cost of goods manufactured 15,761,800. 00 Cost of goods available for sale $15,761,800. 00 Less Finished-goods inventory, Dec. 1 351,500. 00 Unadjusted cost of goods sold 15,410,300. 00 Less Over applied overhead 101,000. 00 Cost of goods sold $15,309,300. 00 The firms selling and administrative expenses are operating expenses therefore they are treated as Period Cost rather that Product Cost. This type of cost is unrelated to manufacturing overhead and cost of goods sold.

Sunni Islam

Sunnis Several years after Muhammads remainder, the various factions of the Islamic faith were formed. many of Muhammads relatives and companions were involved in the power struggle, and the war finally stabilized when Muawiyya, the governor ofSyria, took control of the kalifate. This marked the rise of theUmayyad dynastywhich ru guide Islam for quite some time. Although the Quran ordains that the division of Muslims into diverse sections is forbidden, three sects of Islam developed and emerged at the conclusion of theIslamic Civil War.These include the Sunni, Shiite, Ahmadiyya and Karijite. Of these quartet, the Sunni denomination is by far the largest, comprising of 90% of the world Muslim population, with Shia comprising of the guerrilla largest percentage. The literal translation of the word Sunni is habit or usual practice. My assumption is that the habit or practice refers to the actions of Muhammad. So anyone claiming to follow the Sunnah, which are the actions of Muhamma d and can stage that they believe the Hadith, which are narrations of the actions of Muhammad, can consider him or herself to be aSunniMuslim.People of Sunni orientation believe that Muhammad had never chosen a successor before his death and on that pointfore nobody can really properly succeed him or become the succeeding leader of the Caliphate other than his closest companions, or Shahaba. Sunnis belive that only the the premier(prenominal) four caliphs should be strikeed as the properly led caliphs. They include Abu Bakr, Umar al-Khattab, Uthman Affan, and Ali Talib. Actually why there has not been one widely known caliph since 1923 for the whole Islamic religion is due to the fact that Islam is divided into these three sections metioned earlier.Although Sunnis accept hadith narrated by the first four caliphs, they regard one collection of hadith to be the most authentic. This is called the Sahih al Bukhari. The literal translation of sahih is authentic. The Sunni branch of Islam has four legal schools of thought ormadhhab, through which Sunnis practice religious jurisprudence, or religious philosophy. there was only one madh-hab during the time of the rightly-guided Caliphs but after the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, things changed. The Umayyad caliphs did not have the said(prenominal) religious authority as the front ones.After the Umayyad Dynasty, there was the Abbasid Dynasty. In comparison to the Umayyads, they were more supportive of Islamic law. The crystallization of four major Sunni madhhab of Islamic fiqh came about by the third century of Hijra. These four include the Hanafi, which was founded by Abu Hanifah and is the dominant school of Muslims in the United Kingdom and Germany, and also followed by Muslims in Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan. The Maliki school, founded by a Hanifas eldest bookman named Malik ibn Anas and is the dominant school of Muslims in Morocco, Algeria, Libiya, Nigeria, Sudan Bahrain, UAE and Kuwait .The Shafii school founded by a student of Malik named Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafii and is the dominant school of Muslims in Indonesia, Egypt, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Kenya, Somalia, Kenya Tanzania, Jordan, India, Syria and Lebanon. The Hanbali school founded by a student of al-Shafii named Ahmad bin Hanbal, and is the dominant school of Muslims in the Arabian Peninsula, to name the most predominant ones. The followers of these four schools follow the same basic beliefs but differ from one another in terms of practice and execution of rituals, and in interpretation of Sharia.So rather than again dividing themselves up into diametrical schools of law, Sunnis rather prefer to just combine and call themselves all Sunnis. Thereligious text of Islam, the Quranwas compiled by Muhammads closest companions and regarded as authentic my all Muslims. There are many aspects of daily life, however that are not mentioned in the Quran but they were observed and passed down through generatio ns. These oral account are called hadith. Sunnis regard only authentic collections of hadith to be authentic and those are compiled by six specific recorders named Bukhari, Muslim, Nasaii, Dawud, Tirmidhi, and Majah.The history of the SunniShia conflict originates in thesplitthat occurred whenMuhammaddied in the 632 which led to a dispute overwho should succeed him ascaliphof the Islamic community. This led to the battle of Siffin. For a long time, Sunni Islam was differentiated from Shii Islam by its adherence to theCaliphas the leader of the Muslims. However, Sunni and Shii Islam are the same in that they share important taught principles the wholeness ofGod, the belief in the revelations of Muhammad, and the belief in resurrection on the Day of Judgment.Even though the main split in Islamic practice is between Sunni and Shia Muslims, there are several disagreements within the Sunni community. Almost like how Americans have different views, there are some liberal and more secular movements in Sunni Islam that say that Sharia is interpreted on an individual basis, and that reject anyfatwaor religious command by religious Muslim authority figures. There are also several movements in Sunni Islam, which reject and sometimes persecute liberal Muslims for attempting to compromise certain Muslim traditions.

Muay Thai

Muay Thai Muay Thai is well cognise as one of the near dangerous sports around the world. Coming from Thailand it has its roots from many ancient forms of Asian hawkish arts also similar to the style of kick boxing and strike force. Muay as local people c each it has an old account right of great fighters. Due to the terrible economy in Thailand it never got too much attention. Instead, it has remained a national sport and part of the folklore. Muay Thai has similar rules to all non-weapon fight sport, but knees andelbows ar allowed.It is practiced in a ring. The brutality of the fights makes the sport sometimes have a critical end where fighters go kayoed on a stretcher. Nowadays, Thailand is considered the capital of this sport, and famous fighters have moved there for long periods of time in order to perfect the techniquee. Thailand considers muay thai part of the folklore and the meeting it has in society is big. Muay Thai has an old history has been known since 1700 when the Burmese troops surrounded a big group of Thais where kick boxers were and took them to Burma.The poove of Burma, King Mangra, wanted to make a festival for Buddhas religion where he included a lot of entertainment. At the end as a closing event king wanted to see who was the best between the Burmesses fighters and the Thai kick boxers. Nai Khanomtom was selected to fight against the best Burmesses fighters. At the end of the first fight, the Burmese fighter collapsed, so the king asked Khanomtom to fight the best nine fighters from Burma, beating all of them one after the other with no stopping. Muay Thai. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Nov. 2012. Web. 01 Dec. 2012. . Thai packing material is a very respectful and strict sport. The sport is linked to the Buddhist religion and the respect the fighters feel for their professors and superiors is shown by a kind of dance known as nak nmuay. This dance occurs just before the fight and it also has a sense of gratitude to their professors, and what they have taught them. Since a very young age Thai ighters are playing around rings, and even though they do non know how to fight they play child games, and later on they get to know all the gear just by playing although they do not know what it is for. Nak muay, as Thai fighters are known for start training since childhood and as they growfights are set one after the other. Some families, dedicated to this spot, live inside the fight campus outside the city. The father, usually after being a champion, trains his child to fight and the money the child gains from winning is used to get food and pay for family things.The techniques they learned are combined with their own style, and that allows the fighters to create variations of the analogous kicks and punches. The ascension of king Chulalongkorn (Rama V) to the throne in 1868 ushered in a Golden Age not only for muay but the whole country. Muay Thai. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Nov. 2012. Web. 01 De c. 2012. . Muay progressed greatly during the command of Rama V as a direct result of the kings personal interest in the art. The country was at peace and muay functioned as a mean of physical exercise, and recreation. What Is Muay Thai. WCK Muay Thai RSS. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Dec. 2012. . ) . Nowadays there are remarkable fighters well known around the world as Yodsanklai who fights for Fairtex, the biggest company of muay Thai equipment. Buakaw Pranuk a promising fighter who held the title of K1 (Japanese tournament where the winner is named the best stand up fighter in the world) two times. Knee strikes are possibly the most deadly movements a Muay Thai practitioner has.Knees are often used in the clinch, where a boxer grabs the head of the other boxer and pulls his body drop while the knee is thrown upward. A good knee strike delivered in the head can exert enough force to lift a car. Knees may also be thrown to the body, or in a momentary knee strike, where the boxer jumps and throws the knee at his opponent face. A flying knee strike, when landed, will almost certainly end a fight by knockout. (Thread Muay Thai Essay for School. Muay Thai Essay for School. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Dec. 2012. . ) In conclusion, this martial art is the perfect combination of every part of the body that could be used as a weapon. At the same time, it is also part of the history of Thailand. Muay Thai gyms can be found all around the world, full of fighters that believe that there is no limit between them and the sky. This martial art is decision its own path in many fighting professional leagues, as UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship), K1, Strike force and others. I believe Muay Thai helps people not only to exercise, but to grow spiritually and mentally.

Desdemona

I want you to go back in time many eld ago, the 16th century in Shakespeares time where there was hardly any technology and the society was very different. Now If thats hard to bet thats ok because Im an actor in the 21st century hear to talk to you about Desdemona. Desdemona was a beautiful, young, white Venetian missy but also she disobeys her fathers expectations by marrying a black man, she also challenges the society that largely disapproves of intercultural marriages and also she gets abused by her husband.In this way, Desdemonas relationship with Othello speaks to the plays concerns with the 16th century attitudes about Lust, Defying social standards of the 16th century and also domestic violence. For example in the play it shows this by Othello saying She loved me for the dangers I have passed, and I loved her, that she did pity them. This is an example of a foreshadowing technique used to hint readers a plastered plot development that will come later in the story.Also t his quote is telling us that this is ardent admiration, which tells us that Desdemona is still not matured. To depend about her future and what societys expectations are. She admired the stories that Othello told about his brave journeys. In nowadays young teenagers are not drawn by constitution but by looks and popularity. Also, Desdemona disobeys her fathers wish by refusing to marry any handsome, rich Venetian men and she goes for Othello an old black man, outside of the Venetian society.For example her farther says. Look to her, Moor, if though hast eyes to see, She has deceived her farther, and may thee. This shows that Desdemona is a disloyal character and may disobey her husband as well, she also goes against the societies expectations by defying standards such as not owing the duty to her farther and then a duty to her husband. Also Intercultural marriages where she marries a black man rather than a white man.In modern societies most young people disobey their parents and follow their own will due to their immaturity. Desdemona gets verbally and physically abused by Othello who slapped her and called her a whore in public towards the end of the play, when she was dying she still blames herself for othellos physical and emotional abuses. In current situations people all round the world especially women get abused by men and usual, stand up for their husbands exactly what Desdemona did back then.Well, there you go even if this plays were written in the 16th century even in right aways time we still have the themes lust, domestic violence and societies expectations in todays time. Its easy for us to engage with the characters in that timeframe due to the setting , the characters are realistic and believable and even this themes are considered in todays society in different concepts.

Operations Management Case Studies Essay

1. IntroductionThis report focuses on the fortune studies of the Levi Jeans contri providedeers and the California Auto Club reengineering customer emolument.It looks at operations gripment as a reference book for gaining a competitive advantage and overcoming potential problems experienced within and organisation or operate onplace.The questions to be reviewed ar as followsJeans Therapy Levis factory scater are assigned to ag aggroups, and morale takes a hit1. What went amiss(p) with Levis blend in to teams in their congeals?2. What could Levis lead d iodine differently to head off the problems?3. Devise a team bonus plan that you think might work and4. Do you think the necessity to move jeans takings offshore was inevitable? Could Levis postulate d iodine anything to avert the problem of increase dig be?A California Auto Club reengineering customer proceeds1. Discuss the customer service process at CSAA and controvert the different phases of the reengineerin g effort2. What tools from the operations consulting tool kit were applied here? Which some other ones would be of value here? Explain and3. Discuss process enablers role developing the novel design.2. What went wrong with Levis move to teams in their plants?In order to respond to two change and complexity, roughly organisations are turning to recentborn, more adaptive behaviors of doing their work, such as flatter organisational structures, more team orientated environments and greater support from technology.2.1 Scientific managementIt is fair to say that pre-introduction of the current teamwork dodging, Levis had in place the ideals of scientific management.Around the turn of the Twentieth Century, Frederick Winslow Taylor had developed a set of ideas knowing to deal grow employees in manufacturing industries to produce more come forward bewilder. Taylors objective was to attain high productivity by eliminating wasteful motions in humankind labour. Hence he divi ded work process into the sm entirelyest elements or motions based on cartridge holder and motion studies, separated intellectual and manual work, searched for the first class employee, who would then be happy and specialised on specific tasks, and provided them with good tools and paid elevated incentives for their high-quality performance.Taylor and his disciples cited the search for efficiency, one best way to do a byplay, as justification for such changes. Because scientific management advisors cl draw a bead oned they understood the natural laws of human demeanour and endurance, they argued that the implementation of scientific management would benefit both workers and society at-large. Nevertheless, skillight-emitting diode workers and their unions a good deal vociferously protested these changes because such practices make their work mo nononous and also trespassed upon what they perceived as their traditional prerogative to manage their own time on the job.2.2 Implement ation of teamsIn 1992, Levis abandoned its old piecework remains, under which a worker repeatedly performed a single, specialised task and was paid according tothe total amount of work he or she fattend. The new system would adopt groups of 10 to 35 to share tasks in the hold of higher(prenominal) organisational performance being gained from empowered psyches on the job(p)(a) together to contribute the best of their knowledge, skills and capabilities.While it was purview the new teamwork system would be more humane, safe and profitable, the negative affect it had on employees and managers ultimately led to the closing down of the U.S. plants. The new system managed to cause conflict amongst employees, damaged morale and triggered corrosive infighting. Furthermore, galore(postnominal) employees complained of shrinking pay packets and increasing workloads.What also could generate contributed to the breakdown of the system could sport complicated singular opinions, were emp loyees open fire face the struggle bet stooln competition over cooperation establishing responsibilities, employees non assessing each others expectations and connecting them with goals and misunderstanding, era it was indispensable for a team to have good communication skills, non-communication promotes confusion.3. What could Levis have done differently to avert the problems?In 1993 Levis hired a consulting firm to analyse the problems, concluding the company should start from glass and include any parties in redesign of pay structures and work processes. In hindsight, it is simple to say that Levis should not have phased out the old system as it seemed to be working. Having said this, with the introduction of the new system, there could have been greater emphasis placed on getting it right. What could Levis had done ameliorate?According to Keogh (2003), motivation is one of the virtu ally loaded nouns in the English language. It has an intrinsic negative, as intimately a s positive, connotation and its trigger is different for each individual. In a corporate context, well-motivated employees can produce a company. Those with poor motivation can generate serious workplace problems.3.1 Abraham Maslows hierarchy of inescapablyIn the late 1960s, Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchical theory of human of necessity. He set up a hierarchical theory of needs in which all the basic needs are at the bottom, and the needs concerned with mans highest potential are at the top. The hierarchic theory is frequently represented as a pyramid, with the larger, lower directs representing the lower needs, and the upper point representing the need for self-actualisation. Each level of the pyramid is dependent on the old level. For example, a person does not feel the second need until the demands of the first have been satisfied.Employees in any organisation, let alone Levis, need rewards. Working long hours and expending much time away from their families takes its toll and rewarding employees represents an end to the means. The first reward, which Levis could have undertaken, relates to Maslows hierarchy of needs. That is, employees feel rewarded with a high amount of self-esteem and a feeling of accomplishment for a job well done. This also ties in with self-actualisation as the employees have endured the more hardships in an industry notorious for low wages and lousy working conditions. Both of these needs are part of Maslows higher order need because they encompass more than just basic survival.3.2 Frederick Herzberg motivator-hygiene theoryIn the late 1950s, Frederick Herzberg, considered by many to be a pioneer in motivation theory, interviewed a group of employees to find out what made them satisfied and dissatisfied on the job. Based on his findings, Herzberg constructed a two-dimensional paradigm of factors modify peoples attitudes about work. He concluded that such factors as company policy, supervision, interpersonal relations, working conditions, and salary are hygiene factors rather than motivators.According to the theory, the absence of hygiene factors can create job dis joy, but their presence does not motivate or create satisfaction. In contrast, he typesetd from the knowledge that the motivatorswere elements that enriched a persons job he found five factors in particular that were solid determiners of job satisfaction achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and advancement. These motivators (satisfiers) were associated with long-term positive effects in job performance while the hygiene factors (dissatisfiers) consistently produced except piffling-term changes in job attitudes and performance, which quickly fell back to its preliminary level.If Levis took on the theories of Herzberg, whether in the old or new system, employees more than apt(predicate) would have embraced change. From the outset, management, could have ensured employees were happy in their environment, by pr oviding incentives, such as, bonus pay to highlight all of their hard work. As a result, the employees feel they have a sense of job security.4. Devise a team incentive plan that you think might work.An incentive is something that tends to stimulate or spur individual or group action.Incentives ( property, treats, certificates, extra privileges, etc.) are external ways of cause group work. They can be used selectively to build a sense of internal motivation within the group. This is accomplished through another behaviour modification principal paired association (Tracey, 1999).Incentives make group fellow members feel good, and these rewards follow a major accomplishment, then sooner or later the accomplishment itself will lead to a very(prenominal) positive feeling. This, in a nutshell, is the longer term justification for selectively using external incentives.In the case of Levis in is of my opinion that the need for affiliation is a basic motivator of work groups. Belonging to a special group, should have been highlighted, and having the time and resources to hang out with that group is very motivating and engaging, rather than monotonous work. Consequently, providing team incentives that allow group members the opportunity to mix is a very utile strategy in motivating group work(Andrews, 1999). Either incorporating the gain sharing or lump-sum bonuses and individual bonuses would suffice to inspection and repair morale and productivity. Refer to appendix A.5. Do you think the need to move jeans production offshore was inevitable? Could Levis have done anything to avert the problem of increasing labour costs?By early 1997, the writing was on the wall for Levis as their flagship mens denim jean had fallen to 26% of the market share from a high of 48% in 1990.In contemporary business, world companies need to be innovate in order to survive. Innovation is strongly advocated and valued throughout the whole process of production. But scientific management hardly pays any attention to mental institution. Instead, it focuses on dividing the job into small tasks, increasing the volume of output and then speeding up the rate of output. Was innovation for Levis to produce their product in foreign plants?5.1 GlobalisationGlobalisation is the movement of goods, services and money capital or investment across international boundaries and in this way becomes a predominately economic phenomenon sweeping the world. Throughout which, what were formerly national companies become international conglomerates. Hence, countries are no longer seen as unconditional and closed sovereign states, but as part of one big economy.Primarily this shift in thinking is driven by corporate Americas insatiable appetite to open new frontiers in emerging countries, and claim a monopoly on the source and distribution of products. All of which in short is because they are searching for more profit at a lower cost. Globalisation is also heavy backed by internation al consumerism, which is seen as the dominant religion of the era, which means that the fruits of this global production are rapidly sought after and indeed hungrily consumed.Initially this flood of products into the local markets of major economies causes prices to decrease. Whilst this lower cost to consumers contributes to a higher standard of living, it is short lived. Globalisation also brings the world closer to a central economy.In their endless search for greater profits they turn to the less wealthy, such as many of the Asian countries, i.e. Thailand, Taiwan and Vietnam. A large number of the poorer (or developing) countries now have rapidly advance employment rates . This is mainly due to the fact that with a lower standard of living in these countries people are prepared to work for significantly less, and still produce the same product.5.2 Averting increasing labour costsIt is inevitable that in any organisation of Levis magnitude experiencing a tramp in market share, that downsizing be a result because of it.Nowadays, markets have become far more global and dynamic, and the business environment turns more and more complicated and competitive. Employers and employees are faced with plenty of new opportunities and challenges. Also, manufacturing and information technology is getting more sophisticated speedily.To avert increasing labour costs, Levis did inaugurate more employee involvement, thus creating an environment in which people have an impact on finalitys and actions that affect their jobs. This could have been a stayer, if not for the toffee- nosed managers. In a team-oriented environment, employees contribute to the general success of the organisation, working with lad members to produce results. This may have cut out some mangers, thus reducing escalating costs of consulting firms.However, whilst its true that the implementation of self-managing practices in the work place has achieved significant progress in terms of motivation, we must remember that there are always two sides to every story, and bottom line is that many of the U.S. plant were not performing and many workersfelt held back.6. Discuss the customer service process at CSAA and discuss the different phases of the reengineering effort.CSAA were seeking ways in which to make operations better and more efficient. Gregory A. Smith, vice hot seat and general manager of indemnification operations, himself said that it was obvious that the old ways of doing business wouldnt work in the future, and that we necessary to make some fundamental changes. How was CSAA going to implement change to their outdated customer service strategy?6.1 Pre reengineering effortBefore the implementation of the reengineering effort CSAA had seemed like a trusted member of the family to its many members. But under its own admission, and for a need to improve operations, the business process at CSAA needed to go under the microscope.At the time of the old regime, the process es undertaken would not have differed much to many of the large corporations around the world. Addressing customers over the phone, whenever customers needed to rent a car, booking airline tickets, making insurance claims or just general enquiries seemed to be the norm.How they went about this though, as we look at it now, gave the impression of antediluvian times. With regard to how all claims, bookings, renewals and so on were made, by putting pen to paper, often service consultants needed liberation from a paper-intensive and error-prone work environment.Another problem faced by CSAA was that whenever members phoned in and made an enquiry, many of the consultants would refer their problems to other consultants until there was a resolution. Executive president himself saying, about the system, Thats not service thats a pinball effect.According to Cole (2001, p.307) Customer service is one of the well-nigh direct tools we have for building loyalty, attracting repeat business, g enerating word-of-mouth business and boosting profits. It might be full of paradoxes, but customer service can make or break your organisation.6.2 Principles of reengineeringIt would be unprofessional of CSAA to think that all of their problems would disappear without careful thinking and planning. In order for their reengineering efforts to succeed, they needed follow the principles of reengineering initiated by the management unspoilt Michael Hammer. Refer to appendix B.6.2.1 A reengineered job afterwards much deliberation, CSAA devised a new system designed for better customer service centring around a new position called members service consultant. CSAA felt it was time and as Cole (2001, p.8) states, planning involves establishing a goal and objectives and deciding how best to achieve them. What needs to be accomplished? By when? What needs to be done to make it happen? Who is best equipped to do it? As the old saying goes if you fail to plan, you plan to fail. Things dont hap pen by themselves wee need to plan them carefully. After all, a goal without an action plan is just a wish. sustenance the service consultant would be a new information system that links data that shortly reside in one-third separate systems. This technology will enable a service consultant to most members on the spot (Chase, Jacobs & Acquilano 2004).6.2.2 Three quickiesThe new system heralded huge savings for both members and CSAA. Average turnaround time for processing new business applications was reduced from six days to three days and the proportion of new auto policies that had tobe reworked dropped from 50% to 16%.6.2.3 A comprehensive analyzeA widespread survey was carried out by four employee teams, to focus on issues encountered by CSAA members and employees. Questions ranged from services, products and previous experiences for members and what you would do if you were president of CSAA for a day, to employees.One of the subjects consistently brought up, by members and e mployees, was that of how a visiting member would have to go from window to window to tie up different enquiries.6.2.4 Get CrazyFor the member service consultant to work, cross-training for employees on a range of CSAA services was crucial. The new calculator system would require a good understanding by employees in order to intertwine all the vital information at CSAA together and make it readily available to those who accessed it.Employees would also have a say on how the system was designed, developed and also tested a prototype that would support the new service consultant. By this they would sit everyday situation to help modify or identify any foreseeable problems. To further make employees comfortable with the transition to the new system workshops, meetings, posters, newsletter and videotapes were provided.6.2.5 Sell with scenarioOn-line prompts, on-screens prompts and what-if scenarios will replace the leaden paperwork and thumbtack memos. John Clark, a regional claims m anager, says of the new system, were trying to create a encyclopaedism environment for the future, for all levels of employees from clerical to management (Chase, Jacobs & Acquilano 2004 p.343).6.2.6 One-stop shopNow members have the luxury of getting complete service with just one stop.7. What tools from the operations consulting tool kit were applied here? Which other ones would be of value here? Explain.7.1 Problem definitionFirst on the agenda for CSAA to get their new system up and going would be that of problem definition.7.1.1 Issue treesInitially, CSSA had identified a problem with their customer service. By embarking on a long-term reengineering effort, business processes were put under the microscope. For this to work, a plan had to be put into place to target problems and figure out possible solutions. By structuring the process into different phases specifies a pedagogy CSAA can take7.1.2 Customer surveysChase, Jacobs & Acquilano (2004) suggest that OM consultants freq uently ob help oneself customer surveys such as to determine customer loyalty. In the case of CSAA a widespread survey was conducted.7.1.3 Employee surveysThese can involve questions on employee satisfaction or as CSAA developed, a question posing what you would do if you were president for a day.7.2 Data gatheringWith the goals of CSAA to improve customer service, speeding up turnaroundtimes is high on the agenda. To have something to aim for, gathering existing information, such as, processing new business applications and the cost of baseline expenses will serve to improve or reduce these fundamentals.7.3 Data digest and solution developmentTo rid CSAA of its old working environment, it had to introduce the new computer information system.7.3.1 Computer simulationFor employees to grow accustomed to the new system, CSAA had to cross-train employees to help them understand the computer simulation. Although not as sophisticated as much of the software available, employees had to b ecome acquainted(predicate) with the new package.7.4 Stakeholder analysisComing under the heading of cost impact and payoff analysis, CSAAs most crucial stakeholder would be its members and employees. In endeavouring to put into operation a new system, the greatness of considering the interest of all its stakeholders is central.7.5 ImplementationChase, Jacobs & Acquilano (2004) indicate that creating a new process and sustaining the improvement requires more than creative application of information technology. In order for implementation of reengineering to be successful any organisation, let alone, CSAA has to follow three important guidelines. Refer to appendix B.7.5.1 Responsibility chartsHaving workshops, meetings, posters, newsletters and videotapes issued to all employees would help ensure that each task is being cover by the employees.7.5.2 Project management techniquesThe reengineering effort is now being carried forward by five interdisciplinary teams whose focus include s workforce retraining, reward and pefromacne management and information technology (Chase, Jacobs & Acquilano 2004).7.6 Which other ones would be of value?After observing the operations consulting tool kit, refer to appendix C, it suggests that CSAA took up on at least one aspect of the five categories. Issue trees, customer and employee services for problem definition data gathering computer simulation for data analysis and solution development stakeholder analysis for cost impact and payoff analysis and both responsibility charts and project management techniques for implementation.8. Discuss process enablers role developing the new design.A number of bridges have to be crossed to help develop the new design. The major one of these being information technology.8.1 Information technologyInformation technology (IT) is considered the major enabler for spanning processes over functional and organisational boundaries and livelihood process driven organisations. However, the point is not to use IT as an improver for existing activities, as which it often has been conceived, but as enabler for the CSAA.Some of the ways that IT can change the business process at CSAA include process automation and speed virtual presence and distance collaboration becomes possible mobility allows information to be shared differently and increases interactivity and allows instant feedback. IT, when used appropriately, can enhance business processes.8.2 SelectionCSAA chose three employees from field of operations officers for intensive training to help with the design and development of the new system.For CSAA it would have been important to select the most appropriate candidates based on the agreed job descriptions and person specifications that have been created over time. This knowledge can be transferred to other employees and the playing out of simulated scenarios would pose not problems. The selection process needs to be handled with care to avoid costs of failure to select th e right candidate or sound problems arising down the track.8.3 Additional informationConstant monitoring form senior management and additional information, such as, workshops, meetings, posters, newsletters and videotapes enable a smooth transition for other employees.9. ConclusionIt seemed as though Levis decision to promote teamwork only frustrated employees, especially those with superior skills. The common grounding on working in teams is that businesses who have employees working together to reach a common goal are more likely to succeed than the ones that do not. Sadly this was not the case with Levis.Psychologically, people desire recognition, need to feel a part of a team, and want to do a good job. But people, after all, are only human. Long-term personal goals often fall prey to daily or weekly frustrations. With Levis, employees may have found it hard to meld personal goals with the organisations long-term or even short goals. This may have contributed to workers being a bsent or inexperienced and led to increased workloads on other Some people may have trouble sculpting individual performance goals atall. As Powers (2000), describes, in all cases, excitement, interest and performance can suffer.In the case of CSAA, management needs to consider the importance of customer service in a primarily service organisations. Successful organisations, irrespective of nature or size, have one thing in common the loyalty of their customers. Organisations that spend time, effort and money on anticipating and fulfilling customers needs and requirements will undoubtedly reap the benefits from loyal customers by enhancing customer satisfaction. However management should not put all its efforts in keeping customer satisfaction, as this will be generated by the overall service concept that the company provide to the customer. Certainly the customer has to be in employees mind all the time reminding them that they are there because there is a customer who is willing to pay.

Class Distinctions in George Orwell’s 1984 Essay

1984, a novel by English writer George Orwell, was a cautionary tale about the perils of a totalitarian society. variant distinctions are one of the worst dangers that were discussed in the novel. It was portrayed as a means for Big Brother to maintain his rule over Oceania. The diametrical social classes in Oceania viewed each other as competitors for scotch, political and social dominance. In the process, the possibility of a political rebellion in Oceania is quelled.Oceania is composed of threesome social classes the Inner troupe (about 1% of the population), the out Party (about 18% of the population) and the Proles (about 81% of the population). The respective lifestyles of these sectors were characterized with inequality the Inner Party enjoyed more privileges than the Outer Party, although they both(prenominal) made up the Party of Oceania. Members of the Inner Party were accorded key government positions, had larger incomes and lived in sonsy homes. In sharp contrast , members of the Outer Party lived in dilapidated flats.They also had to devote even their forego time to Party activities such as community hikes and games or risk being suspected as a traitor (K-1. com, n. pag. ). The proles are the backbone of Oceania they are employed in industry and on farms. However, the Party accepts them as members of society only because of their capacity to produce. As a result, the proles live in extreme penury. They await in districts where there are fewer telescreens and policemen they dont have any contact with the present as long as they did non commit any wrongdoing.Consequently, proles can indulge in prohibited things such as prostitution, old books, old furniture and alcohol. The Party, on the other hand, does not pay oft attention to what they do the former regards proles as too uneducated and disorganized to pose as a serious threat to their rule (K-1. com, n. pag. ). Given that the ideology of the Party is Ingsoc (English Socialist Move ment), it is ironic that inequality is truly rampant among the citizens of Oceania.The novel provided an explanation to this phenomenon through the fictional book The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism. The latter(prenominal) believed to be written by a certain Emmanuel Goldstein, the leader of the dissident group the Brotherhood. But it morose out that the Thought Police created the book in order to trap Winston Smith (SparkNotes, n. pag. ). The books first chapter, Ignorance is Strength, argued that human societies are traditionally divided into three classes the in high spirits, the Middle and the Low.The objective of the High is to incite its dominance over society. The goal of the Middle, on the other hand, is to attain the status of the High. As for the Low, it is too bustling trying to find a way out of poverty to be concerned with matters that do not directly affect it. As a result, struggles throughout history share the same pattern. The Middle overthrows the High with the help of the Low in the name of justice and liberty. Once the Middle becomes the High, it thrusts the Low back to its schoolmaster marginalized position.A new Middle group will then emerge to repeat the cycle. The second chapter, independence is Slavery, was explained to Winston by OBrien. According to OBrien, the goal of attaining immunity is useless due to the inevitability of death. Thus, when liberty is Slavery is reversed to Slavery is Freedom, it is implied that complete submission to the Party will grant an individual freedom in the form of experiencing the Partys immortality and omnipotence.The third chapter, entitled War is Peace, first identified the three superstates of the world Oceania (the United States and the British Empire), Eurasia (Russia and Europe) and Eastasia (China, Japan and Korea). The chapter went on to argue that these superstates waged war with one another for economic reasons they wanted to gain unlimited access to the natural res ources of foreign lands and to find new markets in which they could grace their surplus goods. Furthermore, war in itself is already a possible solution to an economic slump.An increase in the number of jobs in the defence sector due to war will increase economic natural process by increasing the income of consumers (NewspeakDictionary. com, n. pag. ). Big Brother remained in power in Oceania through class distinctions. Class distinctions kept the people divided and fighting among themselves. As a result, Big Brother was able to talk through ones hat them into serving his interests. The longer the people remained divided, the longer they remained enslaved.

Emotional Intelligence Essay

The book, Emotional Intelligence 2.0, provides an utility(a) approach to how a person achieves success. This book does not focus on the conventional determinant of success, such as formal education and training, experience, and parole level (IQ). Although all these components contribute greatly to ones achievement of success, these factors atomic number 18 not the only factors to be considered in whether a person will be successful or not. This book focuses on the concept that it refers to as emotional intelligence (EQ), which is ones big businessman to make do and effectively understand his/her emotions in a productive and keen manner. The objective of Emotional Intelligence 2.0 is to check raft on suppressing their natural willingness to succumb to their feelings or emotions.The author states, The physical pathway for emotional intelligence starts in the star, at the spinal cord. Your primary senses enter here and must travel to the front of your pass before you can thin k rationally about your experience. But first they travel through the limbic system, the place where emotions argon experienced. Emotional intelligence requires effective communication between the rational and emotional centers of the brain (p. 7). Overall, people have to learn to deal with or work through the emotional phase of the thinking process and resist making knee jerk decisions based on their feelings at a stipulation moment. By increasing their EQ, people are more proficient in making sound rational decisions when they are emotional.One may ask. How do you determine your level of emotional intelligence (EQ)? This is accomplished by an individual taking the Emotional Intelligence Appraisal try on. Completing this test is the first step to find and improving your EQ. Your individual EQ report provides you with a synopsis of your current EQ level, the EQ skills you necessitate to meliorate, and the strategy(s) that will be most beneficial to increasing your EQ. In addit ion to this information, your EQ report allows you to equation your scores with others around the world. Also, you are given the opportunity to take the Emotional Intelligence Appraisal test a second quantify to satisfy how you have improved your EQ and receive feedback report allows you to see your accomplishments and outline the next steps of your progression.The author states, Emotional intelligence is your ability to recognize and understand emotions in yourself and others, and your ability to use thisawareness to manage your behavior and births (p. 17). EQ lays the foundation for many skills, such as, time management, communication, assertiveness, customer service, anger management, stress tolerance, and many other aspects of our life each day. Although our emotions will play an in high spirits role in our daily life, improved EQ skills will teach us to better witness our emotions and keep our emotions from controlling our actions or behaviors. Additionally, we will lear n how to better interact with others and build better and stronger relationships. temporary hookup emotional intelligence is vital to human behavior, it only accounts for a portion of a person as a whole.The author states, IQ, personality, and EQ are distinct qualities we all possess. Together, they determine how we think and act. It is impossible to point one based upon another. People may be intelligent but not emotionally intelligent, and people of all types of personalities can be high in EQ and/or IQ. Of the three, EQ is the only shade that is flexible and able to change (p. 19). There is no know link between these three components that comprise in a person, but each component coexists and works together to guide this persons thoughts and behaviors. Unlike EQ, a persons capacity to learn and personality are hardwired or inseparable over time. Emotional intelligence is a skill that is flexible and can be improved with guidance and practice. There are four core emotional in telligence skills. These four skills are divided into ii categories personal competence and social competence.Personal competence is centered on the individual, and it is made up of your self-awareness and self-managements skills. Self-awareness is your ability to recognize and understand how and why you typically behave or react a certain way. It is proper comfortable dealing with both positive and negative emotions. Self-management is an extension of personal-awareness. It is using your awareness to guide your actions in a positive direction. Social competence focuses on your interaction with other people, and it consists of social awareness and relationship management skills. Social awareness is your ability to recognize and understand others emotions.It is noticing how others are feeling and thinking, even if it differs from your own. family relationship management is the capacity to use the knowledge and understanding of both your emotions and the emotions of others to conne ct with others. Although each of these EQ skills are evaluated separately andcan be improved individually, theses skills work collectively to increase your EQ level and improve your emotional intelligence overall.

Mlk Rhetorical Analysis

Rhetorical offline of Martin Luther world-beaters I Have a h altogetheruci commonwealth? The I Have a fancy rescue has precise simple enunciation and context. The author of the I Have A Dream no workforceclature is Dr. Martin Luther grand power, younger tabby and is kn be gestate got for his work in Civil Rights du skirt the late 1950s and mid1960s. The purpose of this vocabulary is to jazz up change in both clean and cruddy citizens of the United States du resound the Civil Rights era. The main approximation of the actors line is to convince both sides of the discussion that they essentialiness accept change in a non-violent only impelling way.Fin anyy, the audience of the tongue is genuinely broad as it spans across solely semblances and ages however, cardinal should line that since the idiom is given in Washington, it underside be assumed that the speech attempts to engage lawmakers and policy makers ears. The t bingle of Dr. major powers speech is somewhat tale however argumentative. The speech conveys hu opus racey of his personal thoughts and experiences. However, thither is a strong position taken a gullst the crimes of clean citizens and the demesne as a whole, and also the victimization of African the Statesns as a whole.The style of the speech is actually formal with some hints of informality to help gain appeal to the largely uneducated gloomy population. The diction or word choice is compar adequate to other political speeches due to the fact that Dr. King must even-tempered be very persuasive with is cerebrations and thoughts. Yet, throughout the I Have a Dream speech, unrivaled may mother a bit of melanize gospel within it. The images and the allusions be firmly religious, resounding of a Sun daylight church service. The t maven is both informative and argumentative.The claims he makes atomic number 18 very make headway 1) the Statesn has defaulted on its promise in that all men ar created adver t 2) The blue wad of the U. S. are simmer down non rationalize. 3) straight off is the season to make changes. 4) As, King suggests, permit us not desire to satisfy our thirst for emancipation by drinking from the cup of bitterness and abomination (p. 2) populate should move forward to spread the message that license is a part of all U. S. citizens life, veritable(a) blacks. In terms of support, King uses biblical references a considerable with his very overt in utilise his own testimony of what is happening in the United States. That one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be make low the atmosphere of the captain shall be revealed, and all get rid of shall see it together (p. 1). In terms of artificial support, King uses many different kinds of pathos. opening with a long allegory about black immunity and banking, King uses the imagery of being piece of ass a large(p) railser, Abraham neat of Nebraska. One could easily make a case that the imagery is also cogitate to ethos, since Lincoln was the father of the Emancipation Proclamation and freed all strivers.Towards the end of the speech, thither is a surge of pathos, as King discusses the brutality that the blacknesss waste experience and the basic everyday life of the blacknesss who are unable to find jobs, go in hotels, etc. Towards the absolute close of the speech, King launches into a long discussion of a germ-at-able and decent future, using images of children playing together. While the introduction of the speech aches from Lincoln, the conclusion uses lyrics from the song America. Additionally, he gives a severalise of shout out to the people of the United States, saying Let freedom bunch from the flop mountains of New YorkPennsylvania cobalt California (p. 2). In the end, King closes with words from an overage inkiness spiritual Freed at brave Free at last Thank God almighty, we are free at last (p. 1). Kings style is unique o nly very liberal to discuss. Kings use of ornamentation is made possible through heavy uses of the anaphora. An example of this includes his long serial of I hand over a ambition statements, where he states I afford a ideate that one day this nation allow rise up and live out the accepted mean of its beliefI necessitate a ambition that my four footling children exit one day live in a nation where they entrust not be judge by the color of their scratch and by the capacity of their character (p. 2). Further, King makes heavy use of listing. In one passage, he states Go masking to Mississippi, go fend for to Alabama, go back to southeasterly Carolina (p. 2), which he mixes with a sort of anaphora. King uses a large allegory in the beginning of the speech, again comparing banking to the rights of black U. S. citizens. Overall, the speech is very much loaded with rhetorical techniques.King as an accomplished civil rights leader is a very talented and persuasive writ er. His words are very optimistic and deliberate. He is very aware of his audience, and he is very commanding of his wording to avoid hurting his credibility with this audience. The image I redeem elect shows a group of men at a civil rights rally. All eyes, including a washrag mans, are focused on Dr. King as he gives a speech promoting a higher(prenominal) equality for black citizens of America. in that location are signs in the background that say full duty, but the most powerful aspect f the picture is that there is a white man and a black man holding hands. The symbolism in which they are holding hands is fabulously powerful. At first thought people recollect that all white men are against the idea of blacks having an equal opportunity, and for the most part that is true, but the fact that they are holding hands at a universal speech is very powerful. I conduct a dream speech text I am happy to join with you directly in what go forth go down in register as the great est demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we resist today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyful daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro facilitate is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly game by the manacles of separationism and the chains of discrimination.One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely is arrive of scantness in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we adopt diminish here today to dramatize a shameful condition. In a sense we maintain sire to our nations capital to hard cash a snap off. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir.This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of reward this sacral obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has set about back marked insufficient funds. But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation.So we have come to cash this check a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security measure of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to re mind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing do drugs of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick litoral of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This suffer summer of the Negros legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citize nship rights.The whirlwinds of churn up will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the make of gaining our rightful(prenominal) place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever extradite our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline.We must not allow our notional reject to degenerate into material violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of showdown physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as manifest by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. They have come t o realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.As we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always demonstrate ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, When will you be satisfactory? We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the odious horrors of constabulary brutality. We can never be satisfied, as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain caparison in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a small ghetto to a larger one.We can never be satisfied as long as our children are mere(a) of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating For Whites Only. We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has postcode for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfi ed until justice rolls down like amnionic fluid and duty like a mighty stream. I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow lock cells.Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of original suffering. Continue to work with the combine that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our Union cities, perspicacious that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not welter in the valley of despair.I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will ri se up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of antecedent slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the shake up of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its fierce racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black irls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the opinion that I go back to the South with. With this doctrine we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a cavity of hope.With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful unison of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning, My country, tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrims pri de, from every mountainside, permit freedom ring. And if America is to be a great nation this must fetch true. So allow freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California But not only that let freedom ring from Stone great deal of GeorgiaLet freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. And when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spirit ual, Free at last ree at last thank God Almighty, we are free at last melt down Cited Harrison, crowd together H. Ten Martin Luther King Jr. Quotes. The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor, 18 Jan. 2010. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. Kanalley, Craig. I Have A Dream Speech (TEXT). The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost. com, 17 Jan. 2011. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.Mlk Rhetorical AnalysisRhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther Kings I Have a Dream? The I Have a Dream speech has very simple diction and context. The author of the I Have A Dream speech is Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. King and is known for his work in Civil Rights during the late 1950s and mid1960s. The purpose of this speech is to inspire change in both white and black citizens of the United States during the Civil Rights era. The main idea of the speech is to convince both sides of the discussion that they must accept change in a non-violent yet effective way.Finally, the audience of the speech is very broad as it sp ans across all colors and ages however, one should note that since the speech is given in Washington, it can be assumed that the speech attempts to engage lawmakers and policy makers ears. The tone of Dr. Kings speech is somewhat narrative yet argumentative. The speech conveys many of his personal thoughts and experiences. However, there is a strong position taken against the crimes of white citizens and the nation as a whole, and also the victimization of African Americans as a whole.The style of the speech is very formal with some hints of informality to help gain appeal to the largely uneducated black population. The diction or word choice is comparable to other political speeches due to the fact that Dr. King must still be very persuasive with is ideas and thoughts. Yet, throughout the I Have a Dream speech, one may find a bit of black gospel within it. The images and the allusions are heavily religious, reminiscent of a Sunday church service. The tone is both informative and ar gumentative.The claims he makes are very clear 1) American has defaulted on its promise in that all men are created equal 2) The black people of the U. S. are still not free. 3) Now is the time to make changes. 4) As, King suggests, Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred (p. 2) People should move forward to spread the message that freedom is a part of every U. S. citizens life, even blacks. In terms of support, King uses biblical references along with his very overt in using his own testimony of what is happening in the United States. That one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together (p. 1). In terms of artificial support, King uses many different kinds of pathos. Beginning with a long allegory about Negro freedom and banking, King uses the imagery of being behind a great leader, Abraham Lincoln. One could easi ly make a case that the imagery is also linked to ethos, since Lincoln was the father of the Emancipation Proclamation and freed all slaves.Towards the end of the speech, there is a surge of pathos, as King discusses the brutality that the Negros have experience and the basic everyday life of the Negros who are unable to find jobs, stay in hotels, etc. Towards the absolute close of the speech, King launches into a long discussion of a possible and decent future, using images of children playing together. While the introduction of the speech comes from Lincoln, the conclusion uses lyrics from the song America. Additionally, he gives a sort of shout out to the people of the United States, saying Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New YorkPennsylvania Colorado California (p. 2). In the end, King closes with words from an old Negro spiritual Freed at last Free at last Thank God almighty, we are free at last (p. 1). Kings style is unique but very easy to discuss. Kings use of ornamentation is made possible through heavy uses of the anaphora. An example of this includes his long series of I have a dream statements, where he states I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creedI have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judge by the color of their skin but by the content of their character (p. 2). Further, King makes heavy use of listing. In one passage, he states Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina (p. 2), which he mixes with a sort of anaphora. King uses a large allegory in the beginning of the speech, again comparing banking to the rights of black U. S. citizens. Overall, the speech is very much loaded with rhetorical techniques.King as an accomplished civil rights leader is a very talented and persuasive writer. His words are very optimistic and deliberate. He is very conscious of his audience, and he is very command ing of his wording to avoid hurting his credibility with this audience. The image I have chosen shows a group of men at a civil rights rally. All eyes, including a white mans, are focused on Dr. King as he gives a speech promoting a higher equality for black citizens of America. There are signs in the background that say full employment, but the most powerful aspect f the picture is that there is a white man and a black man holding hands. The symbolism in which they are holding hands is incredibly powerful. At first thought people believe that all white men are against the idea of blacks having an equal opportunity, and for the most part that is true, but the fact that they are holding hands at a public speech is very powerful. I have a dream speech text I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Ema ncipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. In a sense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every America n was to fall heir.This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked insufficient funds. But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation.So we have come to cash this check a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm thres hold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline.We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.As we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, When will you be satisfied? We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied, as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one.We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating For Whites Only. We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells.Some of you have come from area s where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair.I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit d own together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black irls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning, My country, tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrims pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring. And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghen ies of Pennsylvania Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California But not only that let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of GeorgiaLet freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. And when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last ree at last thank God Almighty, we are free at last Work Cited Harrison, James H. Ten Martin Luther King Jr. Quotes. The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor, 18 Jan. 2010. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. Kanalley, Craig. I Have A Dream Speech (TEXT). The Huffi ngton Post. TheHuffingtonPost. com, 17 Jan. 2011. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.